Gastrointestinal Tract

Question 1

What are the 4 main layers in the GIT?

Answer 1

1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa
3. Muscularis
4. Adventitia

Question 2

What are the 3 layers of the mucosa?

Answer 2

1. epithelium
2. laminate propria
3. muscularis mucosa

Question 3

What type of cell structure does the epithelial layer of the mucosa have?

Answer 3

squamous + stratified

Question 4

What is the role of the muscularis?

Answer 4

contracts to move food down

Question 5

What are the 8 parts of the GIT?

Answer 5

1. mouth
2. stomach
3. duodenum
4. Liver
5. Pancreas
6. Small intestine
7. Colon
8. Rectum

Question 6

What is the role of the gallbladder, liver and pancreas in the GI?

Answer 6

• Bile produced in liver
• Stored in gallbadder
• Released when gallbladder contracts
• Acid neutralised by pancreas

Question 7

What are the 3 surface area adaptations in the small intestine?

Answer 7

1. Hills and ridges of the inner surfaces
2. Villi
3. Microvilli

Question 8

How does the colon prevent backflow?

Answer 8

• Narrow valve

Question 9

What is the role of the spincter?

Answer 9

Incontinence control

Question 10

What is the role of lumen within the GIT?

Answer 10

The lumen holds food and is surrounded by epithelial cells which act as controlled barriers.

Question 11

What is the role of the stomach?

Answer 11

food digestion and breakdown and the storage of food

Question 12

What is the role of the small intestine?

Answer 12

Absorbs nutrients

Question 14

What are the 4 layers of the GI tract?

Answer 14

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

Question 15

What kind of innervation does the GI tract have?

Answer 15

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 16

What does the parasympathetic system cover in the GIT?

Answer 16

secretory cells, motility

Question 17

What does the sympathetic system cover in the GIT?

Answer 17

blood vessels, secretory cells, motility

Question 18

What does the enteric nervous system do?

Answer 18

Controls the gastrointestinal system

Question 19

What does the enteric system regulate?

Answer 19

contraction, secretion, blood flow

Question 20

What does the stomach do?

Answer 20

blender, acid sterilizer, reservoir

Question 21

What is a reaction vessel?

Answer 21

vessel in which the reaction takes place

Question 22

What does the pancreas do?

Answer 22

produces enzymes for digestion, It secretes juices that raise the pH of the small intestine

Question 23

Is the pancreas endocrine or exocrine?

Answer 23

both

Question 24

What is the acid neutralized by the pancreas?

Answer 24

bicarbonate

Question 25

What is produced by the liver?

Answer 25

bile

Question 26

Where is bile stored?

Answer 26

gallbladder

Question 27

Where are enzymes produced?

Answer 27

pancreas

Question 28

What is the function of the large intestine?

Answer 28

absorb water

Question 29

What is the function of the small intestine?

Answer 29

absorption of nutrients

Question 30

What chart is used for stool consistency?

Answer 30

bristol stool chart

Question 31

What is the anus?

Answer 31

emission control device

Question 32

What is the function of a colostomy bag?

Answer 32

external collection of feces

Question 33

Why would someone need a colostomy bag?

Answer 33

Have had the end of their large intestine removed.

(Crones disease)

Question 34

What is Crone’s disease?

Answer 34

inflammation of the large intestine

Question 35

What is difficile colitis?

Answer 35

bacterial disease affecting the colon

Question 36

What is a treatment of difficile colitis?

Answer 36

fecal transplant