Gastrointestinal Tract Flashcards
What are the 4 main layers in the GIT?
- Mucosa
- Submucosa
- Muscularis
- Adventitia
What are the 3 layers of the mucosa?
- epithelium
- laminate propria
- muscularis mucosa
What type of cell structure does the epithelial layer of the mucosa have?
squamous + stratified
What is the role of the muscularis?
contracts to move food down
What are the 8 parts of the GIT?
- mouth
- stomach
- duodenum
- Liver
- Pancreas
- Small intestine
- Colon
- Rectum
What is the role of the gallbladder, liver and pancreas in the GI?
- Bile produced in liver
- Stored in gallbadder
- Released when gallbladder contracts
- Acid neutralised by pancreas
What are the 3 surface area adaptations in the small intestine?
- Hills and ridges of the inner surfaces
- Villi
- Microvilli
How does the colon prevent backflow?
- Narrow valve
What is the role of the spincter?
Incontinence control
What is the role of lumen within the GIT?
The lumen holds food and is surrounded by epithelial cells which act as controlled barriers.
What is the role of the stomach?
food digestion and breakdown and the storage of food
What is the role of the small intestine?
Absorbs nutrients
What are the 4 layers of the GI tract?
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
What kind of innervation does the GI tract have?
sympathetic and parasympathetic
What does the parasympathetic system cover in the GIT?
secretory cells, motility
What does the sympathetic system cover in the GIT?
blood vessels, secretory cells, motility
What does the enteric nervous system do?
Controls the gastrointestinal system
What does the enteric system regulate?
contraction, secretion, blood flow
What does the stomach do?
blender, acid sterilizer, reservoir
What is a reaction vessel?
vessel in which the reaction takes place
What does the pancreas do?
produces enzymes for digestion, It secretes juices that raise the pH of the small intestine
Is the pancreas endocrine or exocrine?
both
What is the acid neutralized by the pancreas?
bicarbonate
What is produced by the liver?
bile
Where is bile stored?
gallbladder
Where are enzymes produced?
pancreas
What is the function of the large intestine?
absorb water
What is the function of the small intestine?
absorption of nutrients
What chart is used for stool consistency?
bristol stool chart
What is the anus?
emission control device
What is the function of a colostomy bag?
external collection of feces
Why would someone need a colostomy bag?
Have had the end of their large intestine removed.
(Crones disease)
What is Crone’s disease?
inflammation of the large intestine
What is difficile colitis?
bacterial disease affecting the colon
What is a treatment of difficile colitis?
fecal transplant
