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Anatomy > Muscle Physiology > Flashcards

Muscle Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle?

Like the tissues

A
  1. skeletal
  2. cardiac
  3. smooth
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2
Q

What are the defining characteristics of skeletal muscle?

A
  • attached to bone
  • cannot initiate without motor neuron
  • striated
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3
Q

What are the defining characteristics of cardiac muscle?

A
  • in heart
  • branched cells
  • visible striations
  • spontaneously active
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4
Q

What are the defining characteristics of smooth muscle?

A
  • internal structures
  • no striations
  • spontaneously active
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5
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Skeletal

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6
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Cardiac

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7
Q

What muscle is this?

A

smooth

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8
Q

What type of skeletal muscle is this?

A

Slow twitch

More pink = more oxygen = doesnt fatigue

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9
Q

What type of skeletal muscle is this?

A

Fast twitch

Less pink = Less oxygen = fatigue

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10
Q

Why do fast/slow twitch muscle fibres behave differently?

A
  • The ‘pink’ is the myoglobin
  • more myoglobin = more O2 stored
  • more O2 = less fatigued
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11
Q

What is this?

A

Skeletal muscle

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12
Q

What is this?

A

Tendon

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13
Q

What is this?

A

Connective Tissue

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14
Q

What is this?

A

Nerve and blood vessels

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15
Q

What is this?

A

Bundle of muscle fibres

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16
Q

What is this?

A

A muscle fibre

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17
Q

What is this?

A

Nucleus

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18
Q

Where is calcium stored in the muscle fibres?

A

In the sarcoplasmic reticulum

(SR)

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19
Q

What causes the visible striations in muscles?

A

When thick and thin filament meet

20
Q

What is myofibril?

A

The fibroud protein structure within the cell

21
Q

What is the role of T-tubules?

A
  • “pathway” to deep centre of cell
  • Which is where the SR is
22
Q

What is this?

A

Nucleus

23
Q

What is this?

A

Sarcoplasmic Retriculum, SR

24
Q

What is this?

A

Mitrochondria

25
Q

What is this?

A

Thick and thin filaments

26
Q

What is this?

A

Myofibril

27
Q

What is this?

A

T-Tubules

28
Q

What is this?

A

Sarcolemma

29
Q

What is the result of having more fibrils?

A

More force and strength

30
Q

What protein makes up thin filaments?

A

Actin

several g actin monomers

31
Q

What protein makes up thick filaments?

A

myosin

32
Q

What are the regulatory proteins and their functions?

A
  • Tropomyosin
  • Troponin

They control when muscles contract

33
Q

What are the accessory proteins and their functions?

A
  • Titin
  • Nebulin

They provide elasticity and structure

34
Q

What type of filament is this?

A

Thick

35
Q

What type of filament is this?

A

Thin

36
Q

Fill the blank

A

Myosin

37
Q

What is this?

A

Actin

38
Q

Whats going on here?

A
39
Q

What is a sacromere?

A

Building block of striations

40
Q

What is this?

A

Sacromere

41
Q

What are the 6 steps that lead to muscle contraction?

A
  1. myosin attached to actin
  2. ATP binds to myosin, causing it to move away from actin
  3. ATP breaks down to ADP and Pi
  4. Myosin attaches to next actin molecule
  5. Pi is released, moving the actin molecule forward
  6. Myosin releases ADP and resumes step (1)
42
Q

What is the role of tropomyosin and troponin?

A
  • They prevent muscle contractions when they shouldnt occur
  • Tropomyosin covers actin, preventing myosin binding
43
Q

What is the role of calcium in muscles?

A
  • Binds to troponin
  • Which moves tropomyosin out of myosin’s way
44
Q

What is an iostonic contraction?

A
  • When muscle contracts and shortens
  • Moves the load
45
Q

What is an isometric contraction?

A
  • When muslc e contracts but doesnt shorten
  • Cannot move load
46
Q

Why does a small bicep contraction have a (relatively) larger impact on the hand’s movements?

A
  • Bicep inserts near fulcrum so it has lever advantage

Anatomy (25 decks)

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