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Anatomy > Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two parts of the nervous system?

A
  • Central nervous system
  • peripheral nervous system
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2
Q

What makes up the CNS?

A
  • Brain
  • spinal cord
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3
Q

What makes up the PNS?

A
  • connections to CNS e.g. muscles
  • Cranial nerves
  • Spinal nerves
  • Autonomic nervous system
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4
Q

What are the 3 types of neurons?

A
  1. Afferent
  2. Efferent
  3. Inter
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5
Q

What does an afferent neuron do?

A

Carry information from periferal receptors to CNS

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6
Q

What does an efferent neuron do?

A
  • Carry impulses away from CNS
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7
Q

What do interneurons do?

A

Relay information

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8
Q

What type of neuron is the blue one?

A
  • afferent
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9
Q

What type of neuron is the green one?

A
  • inter
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10
Q

What type of neuron is the red one?

A

efferent

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11
Q

What are the 3 types of nerves?

A
  1. sensory
  2. motor
  3. mixed
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12
Q

What neurons (mostly) make up a sensory nerve?

A

sensory

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13
Q

What neurons (mostly) make up a motor nerve?

A

motor

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14
Q

What are the 3 main parts of the brain?

A
  1. cerebrum
  2. cerebellum
  3. brain stem
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15
Q

What does ‘gyri’ mean

A
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16
Q

what is a sulci?

A
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17
Q

Why does the brain have gyri and sulci?

A

Huge surfance area of cerebral cortex must fold to fit in the skull.

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18
Q

What are the 6 lobes of the brain?

A
  • frontal
  • 2 x temporal
  • 2 x parietal
  • occiptal
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19
Q

What are the 2 groups of bones that make up the skull?

A
  1. Neurocraniam
  2. Viscerocranium
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20
Q

What is the purpose of the neurocranium bones?

A

protect the brain

21
Q

What is the purpose of the viscerocranium bones?

A

assist in formation of the face

22
Q

What are the 6 neurocranial bones?

A
  • frontal
  • parietal
  • occipital
  • temporal
  • sphenoid
  • Ethmoid
23
Q

Where is the cerebellum?

A

little one in back

24
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

Coordiation of movement

25
Q

What are the 3 parts of the brain stem?

A
  • medulla oblongata
  • pons
  • midbrain
26
Q

What is the blue region?

A

Pons

27
Q

What is the red region?

A

midbrain

28
Q

What is the purple region?

A

Medulla oblongata

29
Q

What are ‘tracts’?

A
  • group of nerve processes with common connections and functions
30
Q

What is the function of a first-order neurone?

A

Sends axon into brainstem

31
Q

What is the function of a second-order neurone?

A

Projects axon to the thalamus

32
Q

What is the function of a third-order neurone?

A

Projects axon to specific area of cerebral cortex

33
Q

How are sensory pathways organised?

A

first/second/third order neurons

34
Q

How are motor pathways organised?

A

Upper/lowe motor neurone

35
Q

What is the role of the upper motor neurone

A

The neuron begins in the motor cortex, and projects the axon down the brainstem to the ventral horn (which is part of the spinal cord)

36
Q

What is the role of the lower motor neurone?

A

Projects signal from ventral horn to the relevant muscle group

37
Q

What information is conveyed via the cranial nerves?

A

‘special senses’
* olfaction
* vision
* taste
* hearing
* balance

38
Q

What information is conveyed via the spinal nerves?

A

somatic senses
* peripheral information

39
Q

What does the somatosensory system do?

A

handles
* touch
* temperature
* body position

40
Q

What does decussate mean?

A

cross over

41
Q

What is the difference in the role of the dorsal horns vs ventral horns?

A
  • dorsal: recieve sensory
  • ventral: send motor
42
Q

Where are tracts located?

A

In the white matter of the spinal cord

43
Q

What tract is the pink?

A

Spinocerebellar

44
Q

What tract is the blue?

A

Spinothalmic

45
Q

What tract is the purple?

A

Dorsal column

46
Q

Where do most of the fibres in the corticospinal tract come from?

A

Motor areas

damage to them -> stroke

47
Q

How does neurone decussate location affect the damage from spinal cord injuries?

A

Some neurones decussate immediately and some do it when closer to the medulla.

This means that injuries further down the spinal cord are more likely to damage one side of the body, and injuries further up are more likely to damage both.

48
Q

What is the effect of a unilateral lesion in the cerebral hemisphere or brainstem?

A

contralateral paralysis

49
Q

What is the effect of a unilateral lesion in the spinal cord?

A

Ipsilateral limb paralysis

Anatomy (25 decks)

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