Respiration Flashcards
Where does air move during inspiration?
From external environment to alveoli
Where does air move during expiration?
From alveoli to external environment
Nasal cavity
Larynx
trachea
main bronchii
diaphram
pharynx
How does the body prevent particles entering the body via breathing?
- nostril hairs
- epithelium cilia (mucus)
Why is it good for air to stay in the naval cavity for as long as possible?
Warms it up
Which lung is smaller and why?
Left because of the heart
What are the 7 levels airways branch into?
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Bronchioles
- Terminal bronchioles
- Respiratory bronchioles
- Alveolar ducts
- Alveolar sacs
What is the purpose of type 1 alveolar cells?
Provide structure
What is the purpose of type 2 alveolar cells?
They secrete surfactant to reduce surface tension
Without it, lungs would collapse
Where does gas exchange occur?
The alveoli
Give 3 functions of the respiratory system
- Gas exchange surface
- Warms, filters, humidifies air
- Defends against foreign materials
- Oxygen / CO2
- Regulates blood PH and body temperature
What is the relationship between blood flow, pressure and resistance?
What is boyles law?
thorracic wall
visceral pleura
parietal pleura
intrapleural fluid
What are the 3 pressure differences involved in ventilation?
- Difference between alveoli and atmosphere
- transpulmonary
- chest wall
What pressure difference is responsible for the flow of air?
Difference between alveoli and atmosphere
What is transpulmonary pressure?
Difference between alveoli pressure and intrapleural
What is the role of transpulmonary pressure?
Pressure diff holding lung open
What is the chest wall pressure?
Fifference between intepleural and atmospheric
What is the role of the chest wall pressure?
Holds chest wall in
Why must the transpulmonary pressure always be positive?
Because the lungs always have air in them
P(alv)>P(iv)
What are causes of negative intrapleural pressure?
- Lungs collapsing inwards
- Chest wall expanding outwards
What part of the brain is responsible for respiration?
Brain stem
Where are the dorsal and ventral respiratory groups (DRG, VRG) located?
Medullary respiratory centre
What is the most important muscle for inspiration?
The diaphram
What happens when the diaphragm contracts?
- abdominal contents are forced downwards and forwards
- Ribs are lifted and move otwards
- External intercostal muscles contract -> ribs move up and forwards
For inspiration and expiration, which is active or passive?
Inspiration: active
expiration: passive
Give an example of active expiration
- Exercise
- Hyperventilation
Which muscles are involved in active expiration?
- abdominal muscles
- Internal intercostal muscles
Explain what resting minute ventilation shows
- lung capacity and volume
- Tidal volume * respiratory rate
