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Anatomy > Respiration > Flashcards

Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Where does air move during inspiration?

A

From external environment to alveoli

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2
Q

Where does air move during expiration?

A

From alveoli to external environment

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3
Q
A

Nasal cavity

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4
Q
A

Larynx

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5
Q
A

trachea

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6
Q
A

main bronchii

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7
Q
A

diaphram

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8
Q
A

pharynx

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9
Q

How does the body prevent particles entering the body via breathing?

A
  • nostril hairs
  • epithelium cilia (mucus)
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10
Q

Why is it good for air to stay in the naval cavity for as long as possible?

A

Warms it up

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11
Q

Which lung is smaller and why?

A

Left because of the heart

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12
Q

What are the 7 levels airways branch into?

A
  1. Trachea
  2. Bronchi
  3. Bronchioles
  4. Terminal bronchioles
  5. Respiratory bronchioles
  6. Alveolar ducts
  7. Alveolar sacs
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13
Q

What is the purpose of type 1 alveolar cells?

A

Provide structure

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14
Q

What is the purpose of type 2 alveolar cells?

A

They secrete surfactant to reduce surface tension

Without it, lungs would collapse

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15
Q

Where does gas exchange occur?

A

The alveoli

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16
Q

Give 3 functions of the respiratory system

A
  • Gas exchange surface
  • Warms, filters, humidifies air
  • Defends against foreign materials
  • Oxygen / CO2
  • Regulates blood PH and body temperature
17
Q

What is the relationship between blood flow, pressure and resistance?

A
18
Q

What is boyles law?

A
19
Q
A

thorracic wall

20
Q
A

visceral pleura

21
Q
A

parietal pleura

22
Q
A

intrapleural fluid

23
Q

What are the 3 pressure differences involved in ventilation?

A
  1. Difference between alveoli and atmosphere
  2. transpulmonary
  3. chest wall
24
Q

What pressure difference is responsible for the flow of air?

A

Difference between alveoli and atmosphere

25
Q

What is transpulmonary pressure?

A

Difference between alveoli pressure and intrapleural

26
Q

What is the role of transpulmonary pressure?

A

Pressure diff holding lung open

27
Q

What is the chest wall pressure?

A

Fifference between intepleural and atmospheric

28
Q

What is the role of the chest wall pressure?

A

Holds chest wall in

29
Q

Why must the transpulmonary pressure always be positive?

A

Because the lungs always have air in them

P(alv)>P(iv)

30
Q

What are causes of negative intrapleural pressure?

A
  • Lungs collapsing inwards
  • Chest wall expanding outwards
31
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for respiration?

A

Brain stem

32
Q

Where are the dorsal and ventral respiratory groups (DRG, VRG) located?

A

Medullary respiratory centre

33
Q

What is the most important muscle for inspiration?

A

The diaphram

34
Q

What happens when the diaphragm contracts?

A
  • abdominal contents are forced downwards and forwards
  • Ribs are lifted and move otwards
  • External intercostal muscles contract -> ribs move up and forwards
35
Q

For inspiration and expiration, which is active or passive?

A

Inspiration: active
expiration: passive

36
Q

Give an example of active expiration

A
  • Exercise
  • Hyperventilation
37
Q

Which muscles are involved in active expiration?

A
  • abdominal muscles
  • Internal intercostal muscles
38
Q

Explain what resting minute ventilation shows

A
  • lung capacity and volume
  • Tidal volume * respiratory rate

Anatomy (29 decks)

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