Joints Flashcards
What is a joint?
A point of contact between:
* 2+ bones
* cartilage and bone
* teeth and bone
What are joints covered by?
Connective tissue or fluid capulse
How do we classify joints?
- structure (cavity / connective tissue)
- function (degree of movement possible)
What are the 3 structures of joints?
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial
What is the structure of a fibrous joint?
- No synovial cavity
- Bones held together via dense fibrous connective tissue
- Little to no movement
What is the structure of a cartilaginous joint?
- No synovial cavity
- Bones held via cartilage connective tissue
- Little to no movement
What is the structure of a synovial joint?
- synovial cavity, containing synovial fluid
- Covered by articular cartilage, connected by ligaments
- nerve and blood supply
- surrounded by articular capsule
- large range of movement
What are the 3 functions of joints?
functions: range of movement
- Synarthrosis
- Amphiarthrosis
- Diarthorosis
What does Synarthrosis mean?
Immoveable
What does Amphiarthrosis mean?
Slightly moveable
What does diarthorosis mean?
Fully moveable
What causes movement at synovial joints?
Skeletal muscle contraction
Controlled by nerves
What sort of movements occur at synovial joints?
- gliding (in hand)
- angular (e.g. flexion, abduction)
- rotation (neck and shoulders)
also joint specific ones
What are the 6 types of synovial joints?
- Plane
- Hinge
- Pivot
- Ellipsoidal
- Saddle
- Ball-and-socket
What is the structure of (shape) of a plane synovial joint?
Flat or slightly curved
What is the structure of (shape) of a hinge synovial joint?
Concave surface going into a convex one
What is the structure of (shape) of a pivot synovial joint?
Ronded, pointed surfface fitting into ring that is made of bone and ligament
What is the structure of (shape) of a condyloid synovial joint?
Oval projection into oval depression
What is the structure of (shape) of a saddle synovial joint?
One bone ‘sits’ in another
How many axis of movement does the plane synovial joint have?
Biaxial and triaxial
How many axis of movement does the hinge synovial joint have?
Uniaxial - flexion-extension
How many axis of movement does the pivot synovial joint have?
Uniaxial: rotation
How many axis of movement does the condyloid synovial joint have?
Biaxial: flexion-extension and abduction-adduction
How many axis of movement does the saddle synovial joint have?
Biaxial: flexion-extension and abduction-adduction
How many axis of movement does the ball and socket synovial joint have?
Triaxial: flexion -extension, adduction-abduction, rotation
