Muscles Flashcards
What attaches muscles to bones?
Tendons
What skeletal muscle attachment doesnt move?
Origin/proximal
What skeletal muscle attachment moves?
Insertion/distal
How do skeletal muscles produce movement?
- Skeletal muscles exert force on tendons
- Which attach to and pull on bones
What does the agonist muscle do within a group?
Contracts to cause action
What does the antagonist muscle do within a group?
Stretches and yields, opposite side of joint
What does the synergist muscle do within a group?
stabilises intermediate joints
What is a first-class lever?
- Fulcrum between effort and load
What is a second-class lever?
- Load between fulcrum and effort
What is a third-class lever?
Effort between fulcrum and load
What type of lever has a mechanical advantage?
Second-class
What type of lever has a mechanical disadvantage?
Third-class
What type of fascile arangement is this?
Parallel
terminates at either end in flat tendons
What type of fascile arangement is this?
Fusiform
- terminates at either end in flat tendons
- diameter largest at belly
What type of fascile arangement is this?
Circular
enclose an orifice
What type of fascile arangement is this?
Triangular
Thick central tendon
What type of fascile arangement is this?
Unipennate
fascilles on 1 side of tendon only
What type of fascile arangement is this?
Bipennate
fasciles on both sides of central tendon
What is a pennate fascile?
One with a long tendon
What type of fascile arangement is this?
Multipennate
fasciles attached to many tendons
What does a rectus muscle orientation mean?
Parallel to midline
What does a transverse muscle orientation mean?
Perpendicular to midline
What does a oblique muscle orientation mean?
Diagonal to midline
What is a maximus/minimus muscle size?
largest/smallest
What is a longus/brevis muscle size?
long / short
What is a latissimus/longissmus sized muscle?
Widest / longest
What is a magnus sized muscle?
Large
What is a major sized muscle?
Larger
What is a minor sized muscle?
Smaller
What is a vastus sized muscle?
Huge
What shape is a deltoid muscle?
Triangular
What shape is a trapezius muscle?
trapezium
What shape is a serratus muscle?
Saw-toothed
What shape is a rhomboid muscle?
diamond
What shape is a orbicularis muscle?
circular
What shape is a pectinate muscle?
comblike
What shape is a piriformis muscle?
pear-shaped
What shape is a platys muscle?
flat
What shape is a quadratus muscle?
sqaure/four sided
What shape is a gracilis muscle?
Slender
What is the principal action of a flexor/extensor muscle?
Decrease/increase joint angle
What is the principal action of an abductor/adductor muscle?
Move bones away/closer to midline
What is the principal action of a levator/depressor muscle?
Elevates/depresses body part
What is the principal action of a pronator/supinator muscle?
turns palms posteriorly, anteriorly
What is the principal action of a sphincter muscle?
Decreases the size of an opening
What is the principal action of a tensor muscle?
Makes the body rigid
What is the principal action of a rotor muscle?
Rotates bone around longitudinal axis
What do bicepts/triceps/quadriceps mean?
2/3/4 tendons of origin
