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Anatomy > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

The functions of the urinary system involve _____________ and _________________ of urine, ____________ _____________ control, and filtering ______________.

A

storage and excretion of urine
blood volume
blood (thru nephrons)

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2
Q

Additional functions of the urinary system include ______ concentration regulation, ____ regulation, and ____________________________ concentration.

A

ion
pH
erythrocyte

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3
Q

The urinary system involve how many kidneys, ureters, urinary bladders, and urethras? Which of them are retroperitoneal?

A

2 kidneys
2 ureters
1 bladder
1 urethra

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4
Q

Where do adrenal glands sit?

A

on top of kidneys

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5
Q

What is involved in the hilum of the kidney?

A

renal vein, artery, and ureter

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6
Q

the urinary bladder is posterior to the ____________ _______________

A

pubis symphysis

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7
Q

Which kidney is lower? Why?

A

right is lower because of the liver

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8
Q

What are the 4 main anatomical components of the kidney?

A

cortex
medulla
calyces
nephrons

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9
Q

What structures are associated with the cortex?

A

renal columns

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10
Q

What structures are associated with the medulla? How many are there?

A

renal pyramids (8-15)

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11
Q

What structures are associated with the calyces? How many are there?

A

major calyces (3-5)
minor calyces (8-15)

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12
Q

What is considered to be involved with an individual renal pyramid 1/2 of adrenal renal columns and the cortex tissue to capsule?

A

renal lobe

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13
Q

at the apex of every pyramid, leads to a _____________.

A

calyx

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14
Q

The renal pelvis goes to the ______________ ________ ___________.

A

inferior vena cava

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15
Q

The MAJOR/MINOR calyces converge into the MAJOR/MNOR calyces.

A

minor converge to major

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16
Q

what is a functional unit of a kidney?

A

nephron

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17
Q

What is an analogy for pyramids and cortex of a kidney?

A

fruit jello
- jello is the cortex
- fruit floating are the pyramids with medulla tissue

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18
Q

The kidneys are highly vascular because ______________________________________________________

A

kidneys filter blood

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19
Q

the __________________ filters blood and fluid is expelled as this structure determines how much is kept.

A

glomerulus

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20
Q

Renal Artery branches into (up to 5) ___________ Arteries in Renal Sinus

A

segmental

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21
Q

Segmental branch into _______________ arteries

A

interlobar

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22
Q

Interlobar travel within renal column and form __________ Arteries (form arcs around base of medullary pyramid)

A

arcuate

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23
Q

Arcuate Arteries branch into _________________ Arteries

A

Interlobar (within lobe)

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24
Q

_________ Arterioles branch off into renal cortex. Are these OXYGENATED or DEOXYGENATED?

A

Afferent (arrive)
oxygenated

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25
At the end of the kidney blood flowing in... blood enters Renal Corpuscle via Afferent Arteriole and form capillary network called ______________.
Glomerulus
26
Blood comes out of glomerulus via _____________________ arteriole. Are these OXYGENATED or DEOXYGENATED?
Efferent (exit) deoxygenated
27
In the flow out of blood....Branch into Peritubular Capillaries (to convuluted tubules) or ________ _______ (to nephron loop). What occurs here?
Vasa Recta O2 exchange
28
In the flow out of blood, blood drains into __________________ veins, which merge to form ________________ veins, and these merge into __________________ veins, and finally drain into ___________ vein.
interlobular arcuate interlobar renal
29
TRUE or FALSE There are segmented veins on the way out.
FALSE
30
O2 exchange happens between the ___________________ capillaries (cortical nephron) and vasa recta (________________________ nephron).
peritubular juxtamedullary
31
How many nephrons are in both kidneys?
2.5 million
32
How long are the nephrons?
5 cm in lengths
33
What are the 2 components on nephrons?
1.) renal corpuscle 2.) renal tubule
34
What 2 structures are in the renal corpuscle?
1) glomerulus 2) glomerulus capsule
35
What are the 3 structures in the renal tubule?
1.) convoluted tubule (proximal) 2) nephron loop (Loop of Henle) 3) distal convoluted tubule
36
What is an analogy with the Bowman's capsule and Glomerulus?
The glomerulus is a sponge filled with fluid. When fluid is pushed out of the sponge, it goes into a bucket (Bowman's capsule).
37
What are the 2 different types of nephron? What percentage does each make up?
1) cortical 85% 2) juxtamedullary 15%
38
Which type of nephron resides in the renal cortex?
cortical nephrons (close to base of pyramid)
39
Which type of nephron involve renal corpuscles that lie close to corticomedullary junction (between cortex and medulla) and nephron loops extend into medulla?
juxtamedullary (close to border)
40
Differing between cortical and juxtamedullary all have to do with ______________.
location
41
Renal corpuscle separates ____________ and _____________.
blood and filtrate
42
Enlarged bulbous region of a nephron and filtering water and solutes form blood involves what part of the nephron?
renal corpuscle
43
The AFFERENT/EFFERENT arteriole is larger because more is coming in.
AFFERENT
44
What part of the nephron modifies filtrate/fluid into urine?
renal tubule
45
The _________________________ Reabsorb all nutrients from tubular fluid.
proximal convoluted tubule
46
The ______________________ Facilitate water re-absorption to maintain fluid volume homeostasis.
nephron loop
47
The ________________________________ facilitate water re-absorption to maintain fluid volume homeostasis. ALSO it secretes what two elements into tubular fluid.
distal convoluted tubule potassium and hydrogen
48
What is the order of events of kidney to ureter?
- collecting ducts - apex of pyramid - papilla - minor calyx - major calyx - renal pelvis - ureter
49
After tubular fluid leaves the distal convoluted tubule it empties into __________________ ____________.
collecting tubules
50
Collecting tubules dump into __________________ ___________.
collecting ducts
51
Fluid in collecting ducts is called ____________
urine
52
Urine travels through ureters to _____________ and then excreted.
bladder
53
Each kidney has a _____________.
ureter
54
What conduct urine from kidney to urinary bladder ? They are _______ cm in length.
ureters 25
55
The ureters are fibromuscular tubes and originate at the _____________ _____________. They also enter the ___________________________ wall of bladder.
renal pelvis posterolateral
56
What are the 3 layers of the ureters?
1) Outside = tunica adventitia 2) Middle = tunica muscularis 3) Inner = tunica mucosa
57
The tunica muscularis is make up of _________ _____________. What process moves fluid from kidney to bladder (gravity isn't necessary)?
smooth muscle peristalsis
58
Which layer of the ureter is water proof, impermeable to fluid leaving, and stretchy?
tunica mucosa (inner layer)
59
The base of the urinary bladder is __________________.
superior
60
What is described as an expandable upside down pyramid OR muscular container/reservoir?
urinary bladder
61
The urinary bladder is just behind the __________ __________ and anterior to the ___________.
pubic symphysis rectum
62
What are the layers of the urinary bladder? What are they made of/purpose?
1) outermost = adventitia (connective tissue) 2) outer middle = middle/muscularis (CONTRACT) 3) inner middle = middle/submucosa (SUPPORT) 4) innermost = mucosa (expandable)
63
What muscle is the combination of the middle layers of the bladder (muscularis and submucosa)?
detrusor muscle of the bladder
64
What is the name of the structure that is a fibromuscular tube and has internal and external sphincters?
urethra
65
What are the 3 sections of the urethra? Which are male and which are female?
1) prostatic urethra (3-4 cm) MALE 2) membranous urethra (thru urogenital diaphragm)(external pelvic floor) MALE AND FEMALE 3) spongy urethra (~15 cm) MALE
66
What is another word for micturition?
urination
67
Urination is initiated by ____________________ reflex which occurs when bladder fills and stretches.
micturition
68
After the urination reflex signal, it is sent to the internal ____________________ ___________________ and ____________ muscle.
internal urethral sphincter detrusor
69
After the urination reflex signal is sent to the IUS and detrusor muscle, the IUS muscle _______________ and the detrusor muscle __________________.
relaxes contracts
70
Urination begins when the ____________________ ___________ __________________ relaxes. Then the ________________ ______________ continues to squeeze and bladder is emptied.
external urethral sphincter detrusor muscle
71
The micturition reflex is inactivated when ____________ is empty and ___________ relaxes.
bladder detrusor
72

Anatomy (21 decks)

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