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Anatomy > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

The functions of the urinary system involve _____________ and _________________ of urine, ____________ _____________ control, and filtering ______________.

A

storage and excretion of urine
blood volume
blood (thru nephrons)

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2
Q

Additional functions of the urinary system include ______ concentration regulation, ____ regulation, and ____________________________ concentration.

A

ion
pH
erythrocyte

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3
Q

The urinary system involve how many kidneys, ureters, urinary bladders, and urethras? Which of them are retroperitoneal?

A

2 kidneys
2 ureters
1 bladder
1 urethra

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4
Q

Where do adrenal glands sit?

A

on top of kidneys

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5
Q

What is involved in the hilum of the kidney?

A

renal vein, artery, and ureter

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6
Q

the urinary bladder is posterior to the ____________ _______________

A

pubis symphysis

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7
Q

Which kidney is lower? Why?

A

right is lower because of the liver

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8
Q

What are the 4 main anatomical components of the kidney?

A

cortex
medulla
calyces
nephrons

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9
Q

What structures are associated with the cortex?

A

renal columns

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10
Q

What structures are associated with the medulla? How many are there?

A

renal pyramids (8-15)

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11
Q

What structures are associated with the calyces? How many are there?

A

major calyces (3-5)
minor calyces (8-15)

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12
Q

What is considered to be involved with an individual renal pyramid 1/2 of adrenal renal columns and the cortex tissue to capsule?

A

renal lobe

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13
Q

at the apex of every pyramid, leads to a _____________.

A

calyx

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14
Q

The renal pelvis goes to the ______________ ________ ___________.

A

inferior vena cava

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15
Q

The MAJOR/MINOR calyces converge into the MAJOR/MNOR calyces.

A

minor converge to major

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16
Q

what is a functional unit of a kidney?

A

nephron

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17
Q

What is an analogy for pyramids and cortex of a kidney?

A

fruit jello
- jello is the cortex
- fruit floating are the pyramids with medulla tissue

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18
Q

The kidneys are highly vascular because ______________________________________________________

A

kidneys filter blood

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19
Q

the __________________ filters blood and fluid is expelled as this structure determines how much is kept.

A

glomerulus

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20
Q

Renal Artery branches into (up to 5) ___________ Arteries in Renal Sinus

A

segmental

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21
Q

Segmental branch into _______________ arteries

A

interlobar

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22
Q

Interlobar travel within renal column and form __________ Arteries (form arcs around base of medullary pyramid)

A

arcuate

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23
Q

Arcuate Arteries branch into _________________ Arteries

A

Interlobar (within lobe)

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24
Q

_________ Arterioles branch off into renal cortex. Are these OXYGENATED or DEOXYGENATED?

A

Afferent (arrive)
oxygenated

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25
Q

At the end of the kidney blood flowing in… blood enters Renal Corpuscle via Afferent Arteriole and form capillary network called ______________.

A

Glomerulus

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26
Q

Blood comes out of glomerulus via _____________________ arteriole. Are these OXYGENATED or DEOXYGENATED?

A

Efferent (exit)
deoxygenated

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27
Q

In the flow out of blood….Branch into Peritubular Capillaries (to convuluted tubules) or ________ _______ (to nephron loop). What occurs here?

A

Vasa Recta
O2 exchange

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28
Q

In the flow out of blood, blood drains into __________________ veins, which merge to form ________________ veins, and these merge into __________________ veins, and finally drain into ___________ vein.

A

interlobular
arcuate
interlobar
renal

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29
Q

TRUE or FALSE
There are segmented veins on the way out.

A

FALSE

30
Q

O2 exchange happens between the ___________________ capillaries (cortical nephron) and vasa recta (________________________ nephron).

A

peritubular
juxtamedullary

31
Q

How many nephrons are in both kidneys?

A

2.5 million

32
Q

How long are the nephrons?

A

5 cm in lengths

33
Q

What are the 2 components on nephrons?

A

1.) renal corpuscle
2.) renal tubule

34
Q

What 2 structures are in the renal corpuscle?

A

1) glomerulus
2) glomerulus capsule

35
Q

What are the 3 structures in the renal tubule?

A

1.) convoluted tubule (proximal)
2) nephron loop (Loop of Henle)
3) distal convoluted tubule

36
Q

What is an analogy with the Bowman’s capsule and Glomerulus?

A

The glomerulus is a sponge filled with fluid. When fluid is pushed out of the sponge, it goes into a bucket (Bowman’s capsule).

37
Q

What are the 2 different types of nephron? What percentage does each make up?

A

1) cortical 85%
2) juxtamedullary 15%

38
Q

Which type of nephron resides in the renal cortex?

A

cortical nephrons (close to base of pyramid)

39
Q

Which type of nephron involve renal corpuscles that lie close to corticomedullary junction (between cortex and medulla) and nephron loops extend into medulla?

A

juxtamedullary (close to border)

40
Q

Differing between cortical and juxtamedullary all have to do with ______________.

A

location

41
Q

Renal corpuscle separates ____________ and _____________.

A

blood and filtrate

42
Q

Enlarged bulbous region of a nephron and filtering water and solutes form blood involves what part of the nephron?

A

renal corpuscle

43
Q

The AFFERENT/EFFERENT arteriole is larger because more is coming in.

A

AFFERENT

44
Q

What part of the nephron modifies filtrate/fluid into urine?

A

renal tubule

45
Q

The _________________________ Reabsorb all nutrients from tubular fluid.

A

proximal convoluted tubule

46
Q

The ______________________ Facilitate water re-absorption to maintain fluid volume homeostasis.

A

nephron loop

47
Q

The ________________________________ facilitate water re-absorption to maintain fluid volume homeostasis. ALSO it secretes what two elements into tubular fluid.

A

distal convoluted tubule
potassium and hydrogen

48
Q

What is the order of events of kidney to ureter?

A
  • collecting ducts
  • apex of pyramid
  • papilla
  • minor calyx
  • major calyx
  • renal pelvis
  • ureter
49
Q

After tubular fluid leaves the distal convoluted tubule it empties into __________________ ____________.

A

collecting tubules

50
Q

Collecting tubules dump into __________________ ___________.

A

collecting ducts

51
Q

Fluid in collecting ducts is called ____________

A

urine

52
Q

Urine travels through ureters to _____________ and then excreted.

A

bladder

53
Q

Each kidney has a _____________.

A

ureter

54
Q

What conduct urine from kidney to urinary bladder ? They are _______ cm in length.

A

ureters
25

55
Q

The ureters are fibromuscular tubes and originate at the _____________ _____________. They also enter the ___________________________ wall of bladder.

A

renal pelvis
posterolateral

56
Q

What are the 3 layers of the ureters?

A

1) Outside = tunica adventitia
2) Middle = tunica muscularis
3) Inner = tunica mucosa

57
Q

The tunica muscularis is make up of _________ _____________. What process moves fluid from kidney to bladder (gravity isn’t necessary)?

A

smooth muscle
peristalsis

58
Q

Which layer of the ureter is water proof, impermeable to fluid leaving, and stretchy?

A

tunica mucosa (inner layer)

59
Q

The base of the urinary bladder is __________________.

A

superior

60
Q

What is described as an expandable upside down pyramid OR muscular container/reservoir?

A

urinary bladder

61
Q

The urinary bladder is just behind the __________ __________ and anterior to the ___________.

A

pubic symphysis
rectum

62
Q

What are the layers of the urinary bladder? What are they made of/purpose?

A

1) outermost = adventitia (connective tissue)
2) outer middle = middle/muscularis (CONTRACT)
3) inner middle = middle/submucosa (SUPPORT)
4) innermost = mucosa (expandable)

63
Q

What muscle is the combination of the middle layers of the bladder (muscularis and submucosa)?

A

detrusor muscle of the bladder

64
Q

What is the name of the structure that is a fibromuscular tube and has internal and external sphincters?

A

urethra

65
Q

What are the 3 sections of the urethra? Which are male and which are female?

A

1) prostatic urethra (3-4 cm) MALE
2) membranous urethra (thru urogenital diaphragm)(external pelvic floor) MALE AND FEMALE
3) spongy urethra (~15 cm) MALE

66
Q

What is another word for micturition?

A

urination

67
Q

Urination is initiated by ____________________ reflex which occurs when bladder fills and stretches.

A

micturition

68
Q

After the urination reflex signal, it is sent to the internal ____________________ ___________________ and ____________ muscle.

A

internal urethral sphincter
detrusor

69
Q

After the urination reflex signal is sent to the IUS and detrusor muscle, the IUS muscle _______________ and the detrusor muscle __________________.

A

relaxes
contracts

70
Q

Urination begins when the ____________________ ___________ __________________ relaxes. Then the ________________ ______________ continues to squeeze and bladder is emptied.

A

external urethral sphincter
detrusor muscle

71
Q

The micturition reflex is inactivated when ____________ is empty and ___________ relaxes.

A

bladder
detrusor

72
Q
A

Anatomy (14 decks)

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