Endocrine System

Question 1

endocrine = ______________________
nervous system = __________________

Answer 1

hormones
electrical signals

Question 2

what regulates hunger, thirst, sleep and involuntary mechanisms

Answer 2

hypothalamus

Question 3

what regulated energy and metabolism

Answer 3

thyroid gland

Question 4

what produces insulin and controls blood sugar?

Answer 4

pancreas

Question 5

what secretes hundreds of compounds including cortisol and adrenaline?

Answer 5

adrenal glands

Question 6

what regulates metabolic processes in the cells, water balance, and blood pressure?

Answer 6

adrenal

Question 7

what helps build resistance to disease

Answer 7

thymus

Question 8

what secretes hormones necessary for calcium absorption

Answer 8

parathyroid

Question 9

what controls all other endocrine glands and influences growth, metabolism and regeneration

Answer 9

pituitary gland

Question 10

exocrine vs endocrine glands

Answer 10

Exocrine glands – secretions released into ducts opening onto an epithelial surface

Endocrine glands – ductless organs that secrete directly into the bloodstream

Question 11

Glands secrete _______________

Answer 11

hormones

Question 12

negative feedback vs positive feedback loop?

Answer 12

stimuli starts then hormone is released to stop it

stimuli starts, hormone continues to accelerate it

Question 13

regulatory hormones are released into the bloodstream and regulate secretion of ___________________________________________________ hormones

Answer 13

anterior pituitary gland hormones

Question 14

What are the two types of regulatory hormones? How many of each?

Answer 14

releasing hormones (5)
inhibiting hormones (2)

Question 15

What are the 5 releasing hormones from the anterior pituitary?

Answer 15

1. growth hormone releasing hormone
2. prolactin releasing factor
3. corticotropin releasing hormone
4. gonadotropin releasing hormone
5. thyrotropin releasing hormone

Question 16

what are the inhibitory hormones in the anterior pituitary?

Answer 16

1. growth hormone inhibiting hormone
2. prolactin inhibiting hormone

Question 17

What are the 3 methods of control by the hypothalamus?

Answer 17

1. regulatory hormones
2. production of hormones transported and stored in posterior pituitary
3. oversees stimulation and hormone production of the adrenal medulla in response to stimulation by the nervous system (autonomic nervous function)

Question 18

what are the hormones transported and stored in the posterior pituitary?

Answer 18

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) = causes kidney to retain water and control blood pressure

oxytocin
causes uterine contraction and causes muscles around milk ducts to release milk

Question 19

where does the pituitary gland sit?

Answer 19

sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

Question 20

what is the diaphragma sellae?

Answer 20

fold of the dura mater that covers the pituitary gland

Question 21

Is the pituitary gland avascular?

Answer 21

NO
HIGHLY VASCULAR

Question 22

what is the largest endocrine gland and deals with metabolism?

Answer 22

thyroid gland

Question 23

What is the negative feedback loop associated with the thyroid?

Answer 23

the anterior pituitary releases TSH
thyroid releases TH, then the body temp increases
then once the temp hot enough it stops

Question 24

What involves 4 small, brownish-red glands that are located on the posterior surfase of the thyroid?

Answer 24

parathyroid glands

Question 25

what is interesting about the parathyroid glands?

Answer 25

not influenced directly by the hypothalamus, but instead influenced by the chemical levels in the blood

Question 26

What are the two types of cells in the parathyroid gland?

Answer 26

chief cells and oxyphil cells

Question 27

What is the source of the PTH (parathyroid hormone)? Why is it secreted?

Answer 27

chief cells secreted in response to decreased blood calcium levels and promotes calcium absorption in the small intestine NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP

Question 28

What color is the adrenal cortex? why?

Answer 28

yellow due to lipids in its cell

Question 29

the adrenal cortex synthesizes more than 25 different steroid hormones collectively called ___________________________. Theses are stimulated by ________.

Answer 29

corticosteroids ACTH

Question 30

what does the adrenal cortex regulate?

Answer 30

salt, sugar, and sex

Question 31

the adrenal cortex helps with method #___, while the adrenal medulla helps with method #_____.

Answer 31

adrenal cortex= #1 adrenal medulla= #3

Question 32

what color is the adrenal medulla? why?

Answer 32

red-brown vascularization

Question 33

what is saying is associated with the adrenal medulla?

Answer 33

fight or flight

Question 33

when innervated by the sympathetic NS, the adrenal medulla secretes what two things?

Answer 33

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 34

The pancreas has two functions:

Answer 34

endocrine and digestive

Question 35

what pancreas cells are for endocrine functions? what do the cells do?

Answer 35

alpha SECRETE GLUCAGON when blood glucose levels drop beta SECRETE INSULIN when blood glucose is high

Question 36

what pancreas cells are for digestive functions? what do the cells do?

Answer 36

delta cells are stimulated by high levels of nutrients in the blood F cells are stimulated by protein digestion

Question 37

the ____________________ hormones provide for orderly uptake and processing of nutrients

Answer 37

pancreatic

Question 38

The pineal gland secretes ______________. It also helps regulate _________________________ and affects the synthesis of __________.

Answer 38

melatonin circadian rhythm GnRH

Question 39

The thymus helps with _______________.

Answer 39

immunity

Question 40

the thymus produces what two things? They stimulate growth, and maturation of T-lymphocytes.

Answer 40

thymopoietin and thymosin