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Anatomy > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

endocrine = ______________________
nervous system = __________________

A

hormones
electrical signals

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2
Q

what regulates hunger, thirst, sleep and involuntary mechanisms

A

hypothalamus

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3
Q

what regulated energy and metabolism

A

thyroid gland

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4
Q

what produces insulin and controls blood sugar?

A

pancreas

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5
Q

what secretes hundreds of compounds including cortisol and adrenaline?

A

adrenal glands

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6
Q

what regulates metabolic processes in the cells, water balance, and blood pressure?

A

adrenal

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7
Q

what helps build resistance to disease

A

thymus

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8
Q

what secretes hormones necessary for calcium absorption

A

parathyroid

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9
Q

what controls all other endocrine glands and influences growth, metabolism and regeneration

A

pituitary gland

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10
Q

exocrine vs endocrine glands

A

Exocrine glands – secretions released into ducts opening onto an epithelial surface

Endocrine glands – ductless organs that secrete directly into the bloodstream

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11
Q

Glands secrete _______________

A

hormones

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12
Q

negative feedback vs positive feedback loop?

A

stimuli starts then hormone is released to stop it

stimuli starts, hormone continues to accelerate it

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13
Q

regulatory hormones are released into the bloodstream and regulate secretion of ___________________________________________________ hormones

A

anterior pituitary gland hormones

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14
Q

What are the two types of regulatory hormones? How many of each?

A

releasing hormones (5)
inhibiting hormones (2)

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15
Q

What are the 5 releasing hormones from the anterior pituitary?

A
  1. growth hormone releasing hormone
  2. prolactin releasing factor
  3. corticotropin releasing hormone
  4. gonadotropin releasing hormone
  5. thyrotropin releasing hormone
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16
Q

what are the inhibitory hormones in the anterior pituitary?

A
  1. growth hormone inhibiting hormone
  2. prolactin inhibiting hormone
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17
Q

What are the 3 methods of control by the hypothalamus?

A
  1. regulatory hormones
  2. production of hormones transported and stored in posterior pituitary
  3. oversees stimulation and hormone production of the adrenal medulla in response to stimulation by the nervous system (autonomic nervous function)
18
Q

what are the hormones transported and stored in the posterior pituitary?

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) = causes kidney to retain water and control blood pressure

oxytocin
causes uterine contraction and causes muscles around milk ducts to release milk

19
Q

where does the pituitary gland sit?

A

sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

20
Q

what is the diaphragma sellae?

A

fold of the dura mater that covers the pituitary gland

21
Q

Is the pituitary gland avascular?

A

NO
HIGHLY VASCULAR

22
Q

what is the largest endocrine gland and deals with metabolism?

A

thyroid gland

23
Q

What is the negative feedback loop associated with the thyroid?

A

the anterior pituitary releases TSH
thyroid releases TH, then the body temp increases
then once the temp hot enough it stops

24
Q

What involves 4 small, brownish-red glands that are located on the posterior surfase of the thyroid?

A

parathyroid glands

25
Q

what is interesting about the parathyroid glands?

A

not influenced directly by the hypothalamus, but instead influenced by the chemical levels in the blood

26
Q

What are the two types of cells in the parathyroid gland?

A

chief cells and oxyphil cells

27
Q

What is the source of the PTH (parathyroid hormone)? Why is it secreted?

A

chief cells

secreted in response to decreased blood calcium levels and promotes calcium absorption in the small intestine

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP

28
Q

What color is the adrenal cortex? why?

A

yellow due to lipids in its cell

29
Q

the adrenal cortex synthesizes more than 25 different steroid hormones collectively called ___________________________. Theses are stimulated by ________.

A

corticosteroids
ACTH

30
Q

what does the adrenal cortex regulate?

A

salt, sugar, and sex

31
Q

the adrenal cortex helps with method #___, while the adrenal medulla helps with method #_____.

A

adrenal cortex= #1
adrenal medulla= #3

32
Q

what color is the adrenal medulla? why?

A

red-brown
vascularization

33
Q

what is saying is associated with the adrenal medulla?

A

fight or flight

33
Q

when innervated by the sympathetic NS, the adrenal medulla secretes what two things?

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

34
Q

The pancreas has two functions:

A

endocrine and digestive

35
Q

what pancreas cells are for endocrine functions? what do the cells do?

A

alpha SECRETE GLUCAGON when blood glucose levels drop

beta SECRETE INSULIN when blood glucose is high

36
Q

what pancreas cells are for digestive functions? what do the cells do?

A

delta cells are stimulated by high levels of nutrients in the blood

F cells are stimulated by protein digestion

37
Q

the ____________________ hormones provide for orderly uptake and processing of nutrients

A

pancreatic

38
Q

The pineal gland secretes ______________. It also helps regulate _________________________ and affects the synthesis of __________.

A

melatonin
circadian rhythm
GnRH

39
Q

The thymus helps with _______________.

A

immunity

40
Q

the thymus produces what two things? They stimulate growth, and maturation of T-lymphocytes.

A

thymopoietin and thymosin

Anatomy (21 decks)

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