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Anatomy > Senses > Flashcards

Senses Flashcards

1
Q

Stimuli are detected by ________________.

A

receptors

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2
Q

What do the general senses involve:

A

temp, pain, touch, stretch, and pressure

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3
Q

what are special senses:

A

gustation, olfaction, and vision, equilibrium and hearing

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4
Q

what are teh three criteria used to describe receptors?

A

stimulus origin
receptor distribution
modality of stimulus

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5
Q

What are the three types of stimulus origin? What do they entail?

A
  1. exteroceptors (external environment like skin)
  2. interceptors (internal environment like organs…stretch or O2 levels)
  3. proprioceptors (JOINTS… joint capsule or joint position)
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6
Q

general senses are structurally SIMPLE/COMPLEX and have two types, what are they?

A

SIMPLE
somatic (body wall)
visceral (inside organ)

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7
Q

special senses are structurally SIMPLE/COMPLEX and are found where?

A

COMPLEX
only in the head

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8
Q

What are the stimulating agents (modality of stimulus)? (6)

what do they involve?

A
  1. chemoreceptors (chemical make up)
  2. thermoreceptors (temp and heat)
  3. photoreceptors (vision and changes in light, color, intensity)
  4. mechanoreceptors (touch, vibration, pressure… physically deforming the tissue)
  5. baroreceptors (pressure change)
  6. nociceptors (PAIN)
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9
Q

What is the most numerous type of receptor?

A

tactile (machanoreceptors)

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10
Q

What are the unencapsulated tactile receptors?

A

free nerve endings
root hair plexuses
tactile discs

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11
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Free nerve endings travel thru the majority of the layers of the skin.

A

TRUE

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12
Q

Does root hair plexus start deep in the skin? (LOOK AT SLIDE 8)

A

Yes

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13
Q

what is another name for the tactile discs? what layer does it go into?

A

Markel disc
basal layer

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14
Q

What are the encapsulated tactile receptors?

A

krause bulbs
lamellated corpuscles
ruffini corpuscle
tactile corpuscles

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15
Q

What does the Krause bulbs detect?

A

light pressure and vibration

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16
Q

what do lamellated corpuscles detect?

A

deep pressure

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17
Q

what does the ruffini corpuscles detect?

A

skin stretching and distortions

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18
Q

what do tactile corpuscles detect?

A

very light pressure

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19
Q

Gustatory receptors are housed in specialized _______________ on the surface of the ______________.

A

taste buds
tongue

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20
Q

the gustation receptors are on what surface of the tongue?

A

dorsal

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21
Q

What type of receptors are the taste buds?

A

chemoreceptors

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22
Q

What papilla are at the tip of the tongue?

A

fungiform

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23
Q

what papilla are short and spiked. they are in the central section and help manipulate food

A

filliform

24
Q

which papilla do NOT have taste buds?

A

filliform

25
Q

What papilla are at the sides of the tongue?

A

foliate papilla

26
Q

what papilla are posterior on the tongue?

A

vallate

27
Q

which papilla have a LOT of TASTEBUDS and are least numerous on the tongue

A

vallate papilla

28
Q

What are the five basic tastes?

A

salty
sweet
sour
bitter
umami

29
Q

what makes things:
salty
sweet
sour
bitter
umami

A

salty= K+ and Na+
sweet= glucose
sour= H+
bitter= OH-
umami= amino acid

30
Q

what are the 8 smells

A

putrid (eggs)
chamfer
fishy
minty
pungent (vinegar)
musky
sweaty
roses (floral)

31
Q

What bone is connected to the olfactory bulb?

A

ethmoid bone

32
Q

what foramen is important for olfaction

A

cribriform foramen

33
Q

what are the accessory structures of the eye?

A

conjunctiva (clear lining on the external and internal part)

eyebrows, eyelashes, and eyelids

lacrimal glands

34
Q

what part of the eye is covered by conjunctiva?

A

sclera

35
Q

what produce tears?

A

lacrimal glands

36
Q

what part of the eye helps with focusing?

A

lens

37
Q

what is the opening of the eye?

A

pupil

38
Q

what surrounds the pupil and contracts to pupil size?

A

iris

39
Q

what transmits and reflects light?

A

cornea

40
Q

what is a non-allergic condition that causes a runny nose after eating certain foods, especially hot or spicy foods?

what nerve does it impact?

A

gustatory rhinitis

trigeminal nerve

41
Q

What helps focus the lens of the eye?

A

ciliary body

42
Q

the anterior chamber goes from _______________ to ______________.

A

iris to cornea

43
Q

the posterior chamber goes from __________________ to ____________________

A

lens to iris

44
Q

The ______________________ cavity involves the anterior and posterior chamber

A

anterior cavity

45
Q

what is another word for the posterior cavity?

A

vitreous chamber

46
Q

what eye structure divides the eye into two cavities?

A

lens

47
Q

anterior cavity is _______________ humor

A

aqueous

48
Q

the anterior cavity is from the ____________ to ____________________.

A

cornea to lens

49
Q

what has a function of giving us binocular vision?

A

optic chiasm

50
Q

for distant vision the ciliary muscles are _______________, lens is _________________, and suspensory ligaments are ________________.

A

ciliary= relaxed
lens=flattened
suspensory= taut

51
Q

for near vision the ciliary muscles are _______________, lens is _________________, and suspensory ligaments are ________________.

A

ciliary= contracted (moving the ciliary body toward the lens)
lens= thickened and more spherical
suspensory= relaxed

52
Q

what separates outer and middle ear?

A

ear drum (tympanic membrane)

53
Q

where are the auditory ossicles and what are they called from outer to inner. what does the most inner one compress?

A

in the middle ear
malleus -> incus -> stapes
stapes compresses the oval window

54
Q

the middle ear is also known as the _______________-

A

auditory tube

55
Q

what cavity houses the auditory ossicles?

A

tympanic cavity

56
Q

the ___________ is a hammer, the __________ is an anvil, and the _______________ is the stirrup

A

malleus
incus
stapes

57
Q

round vs oval window

A

the oval window is the opening where the stapes bone transmits sound vibrations into the inner ear, while the round window acts as a pressure release valve, allowing fluid in the cochlea to move as sound waves enter through the oval window

Anatomy (21 decks)

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