Axial Skeleton

Question 1

What 4 things are associated with the axial skeleton?

Answer 1

1. skull
2. hyoid bone (floating)
3. vertebrae
4. thoracic cage

Question 2

What 8 things are associated with the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 2

1. shoulder girdle
2. arm
3. forearm
4. hand
5. coxa
6. thigh
7. leg
8. foot

Question 3

The axial skeleton supports and protects the ____________, _________ ______ and _________ _________ within the ____________.

Answer 3

brain, spinal cord, and vital organs within the thorax

Question 4

The axial skeleton housing special ___________ organs.

Answer 4

sense

Question 5

How many bones are in the skull?

Answer 5

28

Question 6

Name the auditory ossicles (6):

Answer 6

1. malleus (2)
2. incus (2)
3. stapes (2)

Question 7

Name the 8 cranial bones (8):

Answer 7

1.) occipital
2.) parietal (2)
3.) frontal
4.) temporal (2)
5.) ethmoid
6.) sphenoid

Question 8

Name the facial bones (14):

Answer 8

1. Inferior concha (2)
2. maxilla (2)
3. mandible
4. nasal (2)
5. lacrimal (2)
6. vomer
7. zygomatic (2)
8. palatine (2)

Question 9

Name the 4 sutures:

Answer 9

1.) sagittal
2.) coronal
3.) lambdoidal
4.) squamous

Question 10

What is significant about the mastoid process (in terms of injury diagnosis)?

Answer 10

if there is a cranial fracture, blood and fluid with accumulate there and show a bruise

Question 11

Where is the glabella?

Answer 11

in the middle of your eyebrows

Question 12

septum = ?

Answer 12

divider

Question 13

foramen= ?

Answer 13

opening/hole

Question 14

fossa= ?

Answer 14

depression

Question 15

condyle= ?

Answer 15

knuckle/roundness

Question 16

What is the sella turcica?

Answer 16

• part of the sphenoid
• 4 sided pocket where the pituitary gland sits

Question 17

What are the sutural (wormian) bones?

Answer 17

• also known as intrasutural bones
  -extra bone pieces that appear in the skull’s sutures or joints.
• They are irregular, isolated bones that develop from extra ossification centers in the cranium

Question 18

What are the regions between the cranial bones that are thickened, fibrous membrane remnants but not yet ossified?

Answer 18

Fontanels

Question 19

What are also referred to as the “soft spots” on a baby’s head?

Answer 19

Fontanels

Question 20

At how many months of age do fontanels close?

Answer 20

15

Question 21

What shape are newborns’ head due to temporary deformation with fontanels?

Answer 21

cone-shaped

Question 22

Sinuses have mucous lining that helps to ___________ and _______________ inhaled air.

Answer 22

humidify and warm

Question 23

Do sinuses cause the skull bones to be heavier or lighter?

Answer 23

lighter

Question 24

Sinuses provide _________________ to the voice.

Answer 24

resonance/tone

Question 25

The mandibular condyle is possible to find near the anterior part of the ______ ___________.

Answer 25

ear canal

Question 26

The mandibular condyle connects to the __________ bone.

Answer 26

temporal

Question 27

What is the posterior part of the mandibular notch? What about anterior of the notch?

Answer 27

Posterior= mandibular condyle Anterior= coronoid process

Question 28

What separates the body and ramus of the mandible?

Answer 28

angle of mandible

Question 29

The hyoid bone floats in the ________________ aspect of the neck (just below the mandible).

Answer 29

anterior

Question 30

The hyoid bone is a ____________ bone.

Answer 30

sesamoid

Question 31

The hyoid bone provides attachemnts for the tongue muscles and muscles that elevate the ____________ during __________ or _______________.

Answer 31

larynx during speech or swallowing

Question 32

Name the 5 regions of the vertebral column:

Answer 32

cervical (7) thoracic (12) lumbar (5) sacral (1...5 fused) coccygeal (1..4-5 fused)

Question 33

What are the two parts of the vertebral discs?

Answer 33

Inner = nucleus pulposis Outer = annulus fibrosis

Question 34

Atlas is C? Axis is C?

Answer 34

Atlas C1 Axis C2

Question 35

What is unique for C1? What about C2?

Answer 35

C1 = skull attachments C2 = dens OR odontoid process

Question 36

How can you tell a vertebrae is cervical?

Answer 36

2 transverse processes

Question 37

How can you tell a vertebrae is thoracic?

Answer 37

There are articular facets for ribs

Question 38

How can you tell a vertebrae is lumbar?

Answer 38

- NO articular facets for ribs - NO transverse foramen

Question 39

What does the thoracic cage consist of?

Answer 39

1) thoracic vertebrae ((posterior)) 2) rib and costal cartilage (12) 3) sternum ((anterior))

Question 40

Describe true, false and floating ribs:

Answer 40

TRUE = have direct connection to cartilage to sternum FALSE = no cartilage connection to sternum FLOATING = last 2 ribs (11-12)

Question 41

LANDMARKS OF THE RIBS 1) vertebral articulation = ___________ 2) between the head and the tubercle = __________________ 3) articular facet for transverse process of vertebra = __________________ 4) shaft = ______________ 5) point of greatest curvature = _______________

Answer 41

1) head 2) neck 3) shaft 4) body 5) angle of rib

Question 42

What are the 3 parts of the sternum?

Answer 42

1) manubrium 2) body 3) xyphoid process

Question 43

What is the point where the manubrium joins the body (2nd rib attaches)?

Answer 43

sternal angle