Axial Skeleton Flashcards
What 4 things are associated with the axial skeleton?
- skull
- hyoid bone (floating)
- vertebrae
- thoracic cage
What 8 things are associated with the appendicular skeleton?
- shoulder girdle
- arm
- forearm
- hand
- coxa
- thigh
- leg
- foot
The axial skeleton supports and protects the ____________, _________ ______ and _________ _________ within the ____________.
brain, spinal cord, and vital organs within the thorax
The axial skeleton housing special ___________ organs.
sense
How many bones are in the skull?
28
Name the auditory ossicles (6):
- malleus (2)
- incus (2)
- stapes (2)
Name the 8 cranial bones (8):
1.) occipital
2.) parietal (2)
3.) frontal
4.) temporal (2)
5.) ethmoid
6.) sphenoid
Name the facial bones (14):
- Inferior concha (2)
- maxilla (2)
- mandible
- nasal (2)
- lacrimal (2)
- vomer
- zygomatic (2)
- palatine (2)
Name the 4 sutures:
1.) sagittal
2.) coronal
3.) lambdoidal
4.) squamous
What is significant about the mastoid process (in terms of injury diagnosis)?
if there is a cranial fracture, blood and fluid with accumulate there and show a bruise
Where is the glabella?
in the middle of your eyebrows
septum = ?
divider
foramen= ?
opening/hole
fossa= ?
depression
condyle= ?
knuckle/roundness
What is the sella turcica?
- part of the sphenoid
- 4 sided pocket where the pituitary gland sits
What are the sutural (wormian) bones?
- also known as intrasutural bones
-extra bone pieces that appear in the skull’s sutures or joints. - They are irregular, isolated bones that develop from extra ossification centers in the cranium
What are the regions between the cranial bones that are thickened, fibrous membrane remnants but not yet ossified?
Fontanels
What are also referred to as the “soft spots” on a baby’s head?
Fontanels
At how many months of age do fontanels close?
15
What shape are newborns’ head due to temporary deformation with fontanels?
cone-shaped
Sinuses have mucous lining that helps to ___________ and _______________ inhaled air.
humidify and warm
Do sinuses cause the skull bones to be heavier or lighter?
lighter
Sinuses provide _________________ to the voice.
resonance/tone
The mandibular condyle is possible to find near the anterior part of the ______ ___________.
ear canal
The mandibular condyle connects to the __________ bone.
temporal
What is the posterior part of the mandibular notch? What about anterior of the notch?
Posterior= mandibular condyle
Anterior= coronoid process
What separates the body and ramus of the mandible?
angle of mandible
The hyoid bone floats in the ________________ aspect of the neck (just below the mandible).
anterior
The hyoid bone is a ____________ bone.
sesamoid
The hyoid bone provides attachemnts for the tongue muscles and muscles that elevate the ____________ during __________ or _______________.
larynx during speech or swallowing
Name the 5 regions of the vertebral column:
cervical (7)
thoracic (12)
lumbar (5)
sacral (1…5 fused)
coccygeal (1..4-5 fused)
What are the two parts of the vertebral discs?
Inner = nucleus pulposis
Outer = annulus fibrosis
Atlas is C?
Axis is C?
Atlas C1
Axis C2
What is unique for C1? What about C2?
C1 = skull attachments
C2 = dens OR odontoid process
How can you tell a vertebrae is cervical?
2 transverse processes
How can you tell a vertebrae is thoracic?
There are articular facets for ribs
How can you tell a vertebrae is lumbar?
- NO articular facets for ribs
- NO transverse foramen
What does the thoracic cage consist of?
1) thoracic vertebrae ((posterior))
2) rib and costal cartilage (12)
3) sternum ((anterior))
Describe true, false and floating ribs:
TRUE = have direct connection to cartilage to sternum
FALSE = no cartilage connection to sternum
FLOATING = last 2 ribs (11-12)
LANDMARKS OF THE RIBS
1) vertebral articulation = ___________
2) between the head and the tubercle = __________________
3) articular facet for transverse process of vertebra = __________________
4) shaft = ______________
5) point of greatest curvature = _______________
1) head
2) neck
3) shaft
4) body
5) angle of rib
What are the 3 parts of the sternum?
1) manubrium
2) body
3) xyphoid process
What is the point where the manubrium joins the body (2nd rib attaches)?
sternal angle
