Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What 4 things are associated with the axial skeleton?

A
  1. skull
  2. hyoid bone (floating)
  3. vertebrae
  4. thoracic cage
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2
Q

What 8 things are associated with the appendicular skeleton?

A
  1. shoulder girdle
  2. arm
  3. forearm
  4. hand
  5. coxa
  6. thigh
  7. leg
  8. foot
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3
Q

The axial skeleton supports and protects the ____________, _________ ______ and _________ _________ within the ____________.

A

brain, spinal cord, and vital organs within the thorax

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4
Q

The axial skeleton housing special ___________ organs.

A

sense

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5
Q

How many bones are in the skull?

A

28

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6
Q

Name the auditory ossicles (6):

A
  1. malleus (2)
  2. incus (2)
  3. stapes (2)
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7
Q

Name the 8 cranial bones (8):

A

1.) occipital
2.) parietal (2)
3.) frontal
4.) temporal (2)
5.) ethmoid
6.) sphenoid

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8
Q

Name the facial bones (14):

A
  1. Inferior concha (2)
  2. maxilla (2)
  3. mandible
  4. nasal (2)
  5. lacrimal (2)
  6. vomer
  7. zygomatic (2)
  8. palatine (2)
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9
Q

Name the 4 sutures:

A

1.) sagittal
2.) coronal
3.) lambdoidal
4.) squamous

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10
Q

What is significant about the mastoid process (in terms of injury diagnosis)?

A

if there is a cranial fracture, blood and fluid with accumulate there and show a bruise

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11
Q

Where is the glabella?

A

in the middle of your eyebrows

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12
Q

septum = ?

A

divider

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13
Q

foramen= ?

A

opening/hole

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14
Q

fossa= ?

A

depression

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15
Q

condyle= ?

A

knuckle/roundness

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16
Q

What is the sella turcica?

A
  • part of the sphenoid
  • 4 sided pocket where the pituitary gland sits
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17
Q

What are the sutural (wormian) bones?

A
  • also known as intrasutural bones
    -extra bone pieces that appear in the skull’s sutures or joints.
  • They are irregular, isolated bones that develop from extra ossification centers in the cranium
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18
Q

What are the regions between the cranial bones that are thickened, fibrous membrane remnants but not yet ossified?

19
Q

What are also referred to as the “soft spots” on a baby’s head?

20
Q

At how many months of age do fontanels close?

21
Q

What shape are newborns’ head due to temporary deformation with fontanels?

A

cone-shaped

22
Q

Sinuses have mucous lining that helps to ___________ and _______________ inhaled air.

A

humidify and warm

23
Q

Do sinuses cause the skull bones to be heavier or lighter?

24
Q

Sinuses provide _________________ to the voice.

A

resonance/tone

25
The mandibular condyle is possible to find near the anterior part of the ______ ___________.
ear canal
26
The mandibular condyle connects to the __________ bone.
temporal
27
What is the posterior part of the mandibular notch? What about anterior of the notch?
Posterior= mandibular condyle Anterior= coronoid process
28
What separates the body and ramus of the mandible?
angle of mandible
29
The hyoid bone floats in the ________________ aspect of the neck (just below the mandible).
anterior
30
The hyoid bone is a ____________ bone.
sesamoid
31
The hyoid bone provides attachemnts for the tongue muscles and muscles that elevate the ____________ during __________ or _______________.
larynx during speech or swallowing
32
Name the 5 regions of the vertebral column:
cervical (7) thoracic (12) lumbar (5) sacral (1...5 fused) coccygeal (1..4-5 fused)
33
What are the two parts of the vertebral discs?
Inner = nucleus pulposis Outer = annulus fibrosis
34
Atlas is C? Axis is C?
Atlas C1 Axis C2
35
What is unique for C1? What about C2?
C1 = skull attachments C2 = dens OR odontoid process
36
How can you tell a vertebrae is cervical?
2 transverse processes
37
How can you tell a vertebrae is thoracic?
There are articular facets for ribs
38
How can you tell a vertebrae is lumbar?
- NO articular facets for ribs - NO transverse foramen
39
What does the thoracic cage consist of?
1) thoracic vertebrae ((posterior)) 2) rib and costal cartilage (12) 3) sternum ((anterior))
40
Describe true, false and floating ribs:
TRUE = have direct connection to cartilage to sternum FALSE = no cartilage connection to sternum FLOATING = last 2 ribs (11-12)
41
LANDMARKS OF THE RIBS 1) vertebral articulation = ___________ 2) between the head and the tubercle = __________________ 3) articular facet for transverse process of vertebra = __________________ 4) shaft = ______________ 5) point of greatest curvature = _______________
1) head 2) neck 3) shaft 4) body 5) angle of rib
42
What are the 3 parts of the sternum?
1) manubrium 2) body 3) xyphoid process
43
What is the point where the manubrium joins the body (2nd rib attaches)?
sternal angle