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Anatomy > Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What 4 things are associated with the axial skeleton?

A
  1. skull
  2. hyoid bone (floating)
  3. vertebrae
  4. thoracic cage
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2
Q

What 8 things are associated with the appendicular skeleton?

A
  1. shoulder girdle
  2. arm
  3. forearm
  4. hand
  5. coxa
  6. thigh
  7. leg
  8. foot
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3
Q

The axial skeleton supports and protects the ____________, _________ ______ and _________ _________ within the ____________.

A

brain, spinal cord, and vital organs within the thorax

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4
Q

The axial skeleton housing special ___________ organs.

A

sense

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5
Q

How many bones are in the skull?

A

28

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6
Q

Name the auditory ossicles (6):

A
  1. malleus (2)
  2. incus (2)
  3. stapes (2)
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7
Q

Name the 8 cranial bones (8):

A

1.) occipital
2.) parietal (2)
3.) frontal
4.) temporal (2)
5.) ethmoid
6.) sphenoid

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8
Q

Name the facial bones (14):

A
  1. Inferior concha (2)
  2. maxilla (2)
  3. mandible
  4. nasal (2)
  5. lacrimal (2)
  6. vomer
  7. zygomatic (2)
  8. palatine (2)
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9
Q

Name the 4 sutures:

A

1.) sagittal
2.) coronal
3.) lambdoidal
4.) squamous

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10
Q

What is significant about the mastoid process (in terms of injury diagnosis)?

A

if there is a cranial fracture, blood and fluid with accumulate there and show a bruise

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11
Q

Where is the glabella?

A

in the middle of your eyebrows

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12
Q

septum = ?

A

divider

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13
Q

foramen= ?

A

opening/hole

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14
Q

fossa= ?

A

depression

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15
Q

condyle= ?

A

knuckle/roundness

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16
Q

What is the sella turcica?

A
  • part of the sphenoid
  • 4 sided pocket where the pituitary gland sits
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17
Q

What are the sutural (wormian) bones?

A
  • also known as intrasutural bones
    -extra bone pieces that appear in the skull’s sutures or joints.
  • They are irregular, isolated bones that develop from extra ossification centers in the cranium
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18
Q

What are the regions between the cranial bones that are thickened, fibrous membrane remnants but not yet ossified?

A

Fontanels

19
Q

What are also referred to as the “soft spots” on a baby’s head?

A

Fontanels

20
Q

At how many months of age do fontanels close?

A

15

21
Q

What shape are newborns’ head due to temporary deformation with fontanels?

A

cone-shaped

22
Q

Sinuses have mucous lining that helps to ___________ and _______________ inhaled air.

A

humidify and warm

23
Q

Do sinuses cause the skull bones to be heavier or lighter?

A

lighter

24
Q

Sinuses provide _________________ to the voice.

A

resonance/tone

25
Q

The mandibular condyle is possible to find near the anterior part of the ______ ___________.

A

ear canal

26
Q

The mandibular condyle connects to the __________ bone.

A

temporal

27
Q

What is the posterior part of the mandibular notch? What about anterior of the notch?

A

Posterior= mandibular condyle
Anterior= coronoid process

28
Q

What separates the body and ramus of the mandible?

A

angle of mandible

29
Q

The hyoid bone floats in the ________________ aspect of the neck (just below the mandible).

A

anterior

30
Q

The hyoid bone is a ____________ bone.

A

sesamoid

31
Q

The hyoid bone provides attachemnts for the tongue muscles and muscles that elevate the ____________ during __________ or _______________.

A

larynx during speech or swallowing

32
Q

Name the 5 regions of the vertebral column:

A

cervical (7)
thoracic (12)
lumbar (5)
sacral (1…5 fused)
coccygeal (1..4-5 fused)

33
Q

What are the two parts of the vertebral discs?

A

Inner = nucleus pulposis
Outer = annulus fibrosis

34
Q

Atlas is C?
Axis is C?

A

Atlas C1
Axis C2

35
Q

What is unique for C1? What about C2?

A

C1 = skull attachments
C2 = dens OR odontoid process

36
Q

How can you tell a vertebrae is cervical?

A

2 transverse processes

37
Q

How can you tell a vertebrae is thoracic?

A

There are articular facets for ribs

38
Q

How can you tell a vertebrae is lumbar?

A
  • NO articular facets for ribs
  • NO transverse foramen
39
Q

What does the thoracic cage consist of?

A

1) thoracic vertebrae ((posterior))
2) rib and costal cartilage (12)
3) sternum ((anterior))

40
Q

Describe true, false and floating ribs:

A

TRUE = have direct connection to cartilage to sternum

FALSE = no cartilage connection to sternum

FLOATING = last 2 ribs (11-12)

41
Q

LANDMARKS OF THE RIBS

1) vertebral articulation = ___________
2) between the head and the tubercle = __________________
3) articular facet for transverse process of vertebra = __________________
4) shaft = ______________
5) point of greatest curvature = _______________

A

1) head
2) neck
3) shaft
4) body
5) angle of rib

42
Q

What are the 3 parts of the sternum?

A

1) manubrium
2) body
3) xyphoid process

43
Q

What is the point where the manubrium joins the body (2nd rib attaches)?

A

sternal angle

Anatomy (14 decks)

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