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Anatomy > Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Which blood vessels are elastic and muscular?

A

arteries

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2
Q

Which blood vessel has the greatest pressure?

A

arteries

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3
Q

Capillaries exchange between _______________ and ________________ spaces across the walls.

A

blood and interstitial

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4
Q

What are the 4 “levels/sizes” of veins?

A

1) venules (smallest)
2) small veins
3) medium veins
4) large veins

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5
Q

What are the names of great veins?

A

superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
coronary sinus

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6
Q

What types of cells make up the capillary walls?

A

endothelial cells

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7
Q

What connect smallest arterial structures and smallest venules to make a ____________ bed.

A

capillaries

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8
Q

What are the 3 types of capillaries? What are they classified by?

A
  1. Continuous
  2. Fenestrated
  3. Sinusoid

diameter/permeability

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9
Q

Which type of capillary have endothelial cells that touch each other (like a puzzle). They are also the most common.

A

continuous

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10
Q

Which type of capillary have holes in the cells and allow larger materials to pass through?

A

fenstrated

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11
Q

What type of capillaries are found near the kidneys, eyes, and intestines?

A

fenstrated

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12
Q

Which type of capillary resembles swiss cheese and allows PROTEINS to pass through?

A

sinusoid

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13
Q

What type of capillary in found in bone marrow and liver?

A

sinusoid

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14
Q

In capillary networks, blood flows from ________________ through _________________, then through capillary networks/beds.

A

arterioles
metarterioles

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15
Q

What drain the capillary networks?

A

venules

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16
Q

Smooth muscle in _________________, __________________, and ___________________ ________________ regulate blood flow.

A

arterioles, metarterioles and precapillary sphincters

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17
Q

What is another word for opening?

A

lumen

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18
Q

What are the three layers (tunics) in arteries and veins?

A
  1. tunica intima
  2. tunica media
  3. tunica externa/adventitia
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19
Q

What layer is also known as tunica intima? What tissue is it made of?

A

endothelium
connective tissue

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20
Q

What is the purpose of tunica media layer? What type of tissue is it made out of?

A

vasoconstriction and vasodilation

smooth muscular tissue

ALWAYS LARGER THAN THE COMPANION VEIN

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21
Q

Which layer merges with connective tissue and it is larger in vein than artery?

A

tunica externa

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22
Q

Which arteries have the largest diameters and pressure is high and fluctuates?

A

elastic or conducting arteries

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23
Q

Which arteries have smooth muscle that allows constricting or dilating?

A

muscular or medium arteries

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24
Q

Which arteries are known as small arteries to capillaries?

A

arterioles

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25
Q

Venules and small veins are tubes of ________________ on delicate basement membrane.

A

endothelium

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26
Q

Since veins do not have fibrous skeletons they have _____________. These allow blood flow toward heart but in opposite direction.

A

valves (they have less pressure than heart valves)

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27
Q

_______________________ ___________________ allow blood to flow from arterioles to small veins without passing through capillaries.

A

arteriovenous anastomosis

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28
Q

What 3 things are involved in pulmonary circulation and move blood to and from the lungs?

A
  1. Pulmonary trunk
  2. Pulmonary arteries
  3. Pulmonary veins
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29
Q

What arises from the right ventricle?

A

pulmonary trunk

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30
Q

What branches from the pulmonary trunk which then project to the lungs?

A

pulmonary arteries

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31
Q

Pulmonary veins exits each lung and enter the _______ ___________.

A

left atrium

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32
Q

If you see the word “common” then this means….

A

split

33
Q

What are the branches of the aorta? (1-5)

A
  1. ascending aorta
  2. aortic arch
  3. descending aorta (thoracic and abdominal)
  4. thoracic aorta
  5. abdominal aorta
34
Q

What are the 3 arteries of the aorta?

A
  1. Brachiocephalic artery
  2. left common carotid artery
  3. left subclavian artery
35
Q

As far as the arteries of the aorta are concerned, which are asymmetrical and symmetrical?

A

asym = brachiocephalic
symm = left common and left subclavian

36
Q

What arteries branch off of the thoracic aorta?

A

L and R coronary arteries

37
Q

Which bone is in front of the ascending aorta?

A

manubrium

38
Q

The celiac trunk (superior anterior branch) has 3 branches, what are they called?

A
  1. splenic
  2. left gastric
    3/ common hepatic
39
Q

The superior mesenteric artery covers what portions of the abdomen?

A

Divide the abdomen in a diagonal line from the top right to bottom left… it covers the top left half

40
Q

The inferior mesenteric artery covers what portions of the abdomen?

A

Divide the abdomen in a diagonal line from the top right to bottom left… it covers the bottom right half

41
Q

The 3 major anterior abdominal artery branches are what?

A
  1. celiac trunk (top)
  2. superior mesenteric (middle)
  3. inferior mesenteric (bottom)
42
Q

Superior mesenteric involves which organ?

A

stomach

43
Q

Inferior mesenteric is involved mainly with which organ, and also a bit of another organ?

A

mainly= intestines
a little bit stomach

44
Q

What divides the thoracic and abdominal regions?

A

diaphragm

45
Q

What arteries are between the superior mesenteric and inferior arteries? (4)

A

most superior
1. RL suprarenal
2. RL renal
3. RL gonadal
4. lumbar

46
Q

The common carotid artery splits into what 2 arteries?

A

internal and external carotid

47
Q

Which artery goes to the brain?

A

internal carotid

48
Q

Which artery supplies blood to the face?

A

external carotid artery

49
Q

The vertebral artery branches from which artery?

A

subclavian

50
Q

The vertebral artery merges into the _____________ artery.

A

basilar

51
Q

What are the 4 important arteries of the upper limbs?

A
  1. axillary
  2. radial
  3. ulnar
  4. digital
52
Q

Where do the arteries of the pelvis and lower limb start?

A

end of abdominal aorta

53
Q

When the ______________________ goes underneath ____________________ ligament, it turns into the ______________ artery. (lower limb)

A

external iliac
Inguinal
femoral

54
Q

The femoral artery passes through the ____________ and becomes the ___________________.

A

adductor hiatus
popliteal artery

55
Q

What artery is inferior to the popliteal artery?

A

fibular artery

56
Q

How many pulmonary veins enter the right atrium?

A

4

57
Q

The superior mesenteric artery deals with the ______________, __________, ______________, and ___________.

A

ascending colon, transverse colon, small intestine, and cecum.

58
Q

The inferior mesenteric artery deals with the ______________, __________, ______________, and ___________.

A

descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and other part of small intestine.

59
Q

The inferior mesenteric is the last anterior artery before it splits into ____________________________________________.

A

right and left common iliac

60
Q

The brachiocephalic trunk branches into the _____________________. Then that branches into the _______________ and _______________ carotid where they branch to what regions?

A

common carotid
internal (brain)
external (face)

61
Q

The vertebral artery branches from the ___________________ artery.

A

subclavian

62
Q

The blood supply of the brain is supplied by 3 structures:

A
  1. right internal carotid
  2. left internal carotid
  3. basilar
63
Q

The right and left coronary branch from the ______________ ________.

A

ascending aorta

64
Q

The vertebral artery travels through how many transverse foramen? This then leads to the _______________, and then travels to the ________ of ___________.

A

7
basilar artery
circle of Willis (cerebral arterial circle

65
Q

What arteries feed into the cerebral arterial circle?

A

internal carotids (right and left)
basilar arteries

66
Q

What arteries supply the anterior part of the knee?

A

genicular arteries

67
Q

What is the companion vein of the carotid artery? Internal and external…

A

External carotid = external jugular vein
Internal carotid = internal jugular vein

68
Q

What is the purpose of the external jugular vein?

A

drains the blood in the face

69
Q

What is the purpose of the internal jugular vein?

A

drains the blood in the brain

70
Q

While there is only one __________________________ artery, there are two ____________________________ veins.

A

brachiocephalic

71
Q

What are the names of the veins that drain directly into the superior vena cava?

A

azygos vein and hemiazygos vein

72
Q

What is special about the branches from the anterior aorta?

A

The blood needs to be refiltered before it returns to the system (the blood is around the digestive system and blood needs to be cleaned once more)

73
Q

Which branch (vein) is the only one that goes through the aorta?

A

hepatic portal vein

74
Q

The hepatic portal vein drains into our __________ and comes out of our ________________.

A

liver

75
Q

What is special about the hepatic portal vein?

A

It receives both oxygenated blood (from hepatic aorta) and deoxygenated blood (from hepatic portal vein)

76
Q

What are the 3 veins found in the elbow? Which one is very superficial and blood is mainly drawn from here?

A
  1. basilic vein (medial)
  2. median cubital vein (middle)
  3. cephalic vein (lateral)
    *blood drawn from cephalic vein
77
Q

What vein drains the posterior leg and known for varicose veins?

A

small saphenous vein

78
Q

What vein drains the medial leg and thigh?

A

great saphenous vein

Anatomy (14 decks)

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