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Anatomy > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

The lymphatic system helps maintain _______________ ____________ which also helps maintain _____________ _________________.

A

blood volume
blood pressure

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2
Q

What are the 3 lymphatic structures?

A
  1. lymphatic capillaries
  2. lymphatic trunks
  3. lymphatic ducts
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3
Q

What are lymphocytes?

A

individual lymph cells

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4
Q

What are lymph nodules?

A

collection of lymph tissues (scoop of mashed potatos)

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5
Q

What are lymph nodes?

A

lymph tissues/nodules that have a capsule surrounding it (baked potatoe)

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6
Q

Name the organs/tissues of the lymphatic system: (5)

A
  1. tonsils
  2. spleen
  3. appendix
  4. thymus
  5. MALT
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7
Q

Functions of the lymphatic system include:
1) reabsorbing excess __________________ _______________

2) transporting dietary ____________ and _________________ into the blood stream (if things are too large, the lymphatic system can help)

3) initiates an _________________ response

A

interstitial fluid

lipids and proteins

immune

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8
Q

What type of lymphocytes take up 70-85% of lymphocytes?

A

T-lymphocytes (T-cells)

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9
Q

Where are T-cells created? Where are they matured?

A

created in bone marrow
matured in thymus

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10
Q

Which type of lymphocytes respond to one particular antigen and cause the production of antibodies? (10-15%)

A

B-lymphocytes (B-cells)

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11
Q

Where do B-cells mature?

A

bone

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12
Q

What type of lymphocytes can kill a wide variety of infected cells and some cancerous cells? (3-5%)

A

NK cells

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13
Q

Lymphocytes migrate through the lymphatic tissues and monitor them for presence of __________________.

A

antigens

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14
Q

Is the lymphatic system a continuous system?

A

NO!

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15
Q

What are the microscopic vessels of the lymphatic network?

A

lymphatic capillaries

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16
Q

The lymphatic capillaries act with what type of valves to drain lymph? What is an important understanding for they work?

A

one-way valves

increase in pressure on the outside causes lower pressure inside. (Diffusion pushes valves to open and close)

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17
Q

What is the lymphokinetic motion and pressure gradient?

A

(HIGHEST PRESSURE) blood capillaries -> interstitial fluid -> lymph capillaries -> lymph vessels -> lymph ducts -> large circ. veins (LOWEST PRESSURE)

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18
Q

The _____________________ contains special types of lymphatic capillaries called __________________.

A

small intestine
lacteals (lymph in this area has a milky color due to the lipid)

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19
Q

Lacteals pick up what three things? And what color is it?

A
  1. interstitial fluid
  2. dietary lipids
  3. lipid-soluble vitamins

white milky color

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20
Q

Lymphatic capillaries drain into lymphatic vessels, which then go into ____________________. How any of them are there?

A

lymphatic trunks; 9

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21
Q

After draining into the lymphatic trunks, they go into ____________ ( how many), which then drain into ________________________ veins.

A

ducts (2)
right and left subclavian

22
Q

Name all the trunks: (5)

A

1.) jugular
2.) subclavian
3.) brachial mediastinal
4) intestinal
5) lumbar

23
Q

Which trunk is unpaired?

A

intestinal

24
Q

What are the names of the two kinds of ducts? What percent of the body are each?

A

thoracic (80%)
lymphatic (20%)

25
Q

The 2 ducts (thoracic and lymphatic enter which vein?

A

subclavian vein

26
Q

What is the area that is drained by the right lymphatic duct?

A

right face
right chest
right arm
(20%)

27
Q

Why are lymphatic nodules important?

A

they filter and attack antigens

28
Q

Many lymphatic nodules group together to form larger structures like ________________, ______________, ____________________, etc.

A

nodes, MALT, tonsils

29
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

There are many lymph nodules in one lymph node.

A

true

30
Q

What does MALT stand for?

A

Mucosal
Associated
Lymphatic
Tissue

31
Q

What is mucosa of the small intestine called? Where is it commonly found?

A

Peyer patches
ileum (also prevalent in the appendix, GI, respiratory, genital and urinary tracts)

32
Q

Lymph nodes have MULTIPLE/ONE exit(s) and MULTIPLE/ONE entry(ies).

A

ONE exit
MULTIPLE entries

33
Q

What are small structures located along the pathways of lymph vessels.

A

Lymph nodes

34
Q

Lymph nodes have a blood supply, drainage system, filter _____________ and initiate _______________ _____________.

A

antigens
immune response

35
Q

Where are lymph nodes (clusters) typically found?

A
  1. cervical nodes
  2. axillary nodes
  3. inguinal nodes
  4. cavity nodes
36
Q

Tonsils are a types of ______________ _________________.

A

lymph nodule

37
Q

What are large clusters of lymphatic cells and extracellular matrix?

A

tonsils

38
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Tonsils are completely surrounded by a connective tissue capsule.

A

FALSE

39
Q

What is another word for a fold in tissue. They also help trap material.

A

crypts

40
Q

What are the names of several groups of tonsils form a protective ring around the pharynx?

A
  1. pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
  2. palatine tonsils
  3. lingual tonsils
41
Q

Which tonsils are responsible for snoring?

A

adenoids (pharyngeal tonsils)

42
Q

Which type of tonsils are known to be involves in strep throat?

A

lingual tonsils

43
Q

The thymus continues to grow until _________________.

A

puberty

44
Q

Is the thymus involved with B-cell or T-cell maturation?

A

T-cell

45
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

In adults, the thymus atrophies and becomes almost nonfunctional

A

TRUE

46
Q

What is known as the largest lymphatic organ in the body?

A

spleen

47
Q

What initiates an immune response when antigens are found in the blood (a white pulp function)?

A

spleen

48
Q

The spleen serves as a reservoir for _______________________ and ___________________ (red pulp function).

A

erythrocytes and platelets

49
Q

What phagocytizes old, defective erythrocytes and platelets (red pulp function)?

A

spleen

50
Q

The spleen phagocytizes ________________ and other foreign materials.

A

bacteria

Anatomy (14 decks)

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