Lymphatic System Flashcards
The lymphatic system helps maintain _______________ ____________ which also helps maintain _____________ _________________.
blood volume
blood pressure
What are the 3 lymphatic structures?
- lymphatic capillaries
- lymphatic trunks
- lymphatic ducts
What are lymphocytes?
individual lymph cells
What are lymph nodules?
collection of lymph tissues (scoop of mashed potatos)
What are lymph nodes?
lymph tissues/nodules that have a capsule surrounding it (baked potatoe)
Name the organs/tissues of the lymphatic system: (5)
- tonsils
- spleen
- appendix
- thymus
- MALT
Functions of the lymphatic system include:
1) reabsorbing excess __________________ _______________
2) transporting dietary ____________ and _________________ into the blood stream (if things are too large, the lymphatic system can help)
3) initiates an _________________ response
interstitial fluid
lipids and proteins
immune
What type of lymphocytes take up 70-85% of lymphocytes?
T-lymphocytes (T-cells)
Where are T-cells created? Where are they matured?
created in bone marrow
matured in thymus
Which type of lymphocytes respond to one particular antigen and cause the production of antibodies? (10-15%)
B-lymphocytes (B-cells)
Where do B-cells mature?
bone
What type of lymphocytes can kill a wide variety of infected cells and some cancerous cells? (3-5%)
NK cells
Lymphocytes migrate through the lymphatic tissues and monitor them for presence of __________________.
antigens
Is the lymphatic system a continuous system?
NO!
What are the microscopic vessels of the lymphatic network?
lymphatic capillaries
The lymphatic capillaries act with what type of valves to drain lymph? What is an important understanding for they work?
one-way valves
increase in pressure on the outside causes lower pressure inside. (Diffusion pushes valves to open and close)
What is the lymphokinetic motion and pressure gradient?
(HIGHEST PRESSURE) blood capillaries -> interstitial fluid -> lymph capillaries -> lymph vessels -> lymph ducts -> large circ. veins (LOWEST PRESSURE)
The _____________________ contains special types of lymphatic capillaries called __________________.
small intestine
lacteals (lymph in this area has a milky color due to the lipid)
Lacteals pick up what three things? And what color is it?
- interstitial fluid
- dietary lipids
- lipid-soluble vitamins
white milky color
Lymphatic capillaries drain into lymphatic vessels, which then go into ____________________. How any of them are there?
lymphatic trunks; 9
After draining into the lymphatic trunks, they go into ____________ ( how many), which then drain into ________________________ veins.
ducts (2)
right and left subclavian
Name all the trunks: (5)
1.) jugular
2.) subclavian
3.) brachial mediastinal
4) intestinal
5) lumbar
Which trunk is unpaired?
intestinal
What are the names of the two kinds of ducts? What percent of the body are each?
thoracic (80%)
lymphatic (20%)
The 2 ducts (thoracic and lymphatic enter which vein?
subclavian vein
What is the area that is drained by the right lymphatic duct?
right face
right chest
right arm
(20%)
Why are lymphatic nodules important?
they filter and attack antigens
Many lymphatic nodules group together to form larger structures like ________________, ______________, ____________________, etc.
nodes, MALT, tonsils
TRUE OR FALSE
There are many lymph nodules in one lymph node.
true
What does MALT stand for?
Mucosal
Associated
Lymphatic
Tissue
What is mucosa of the small intestine called? Where is it commonly found?
Peyer patches
ileum (also prevalent in the appendix, GI, respiratory, genital and urinary tracts)
Lymph nodes have MULTIPLE/ONE exit(s) and MULTIPLE/ONE entry(ies).
ONE exit
MULTIPLE entries
What are small structures located along the pathways of lymph vessels.
Lymph nodes
Lymph nodes have a blood supply, drainage system, filter _____________ and initiate _______________ _____________.
antigens
immune response
Where are lymph nodes (clusters) typically found?
- cervical nodes
- axillary nodes
- inguinal nodes
- cavity nodes
Tonsils are a types of ______________ _________________.
lymph nodule
What are large clusters of lymphatic cells and extracellular matrix?
tonsils
TRUE OR FALSE
Tonsils are completely surrounded by a connective tissue capsule.
FALSE
What is another word for a fold in tissue. They also help trap material.
crypts
What are the names of several groups of tonsils form a protective ring around the pharynx?
- pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
- palatine tonsils
- lingual tonsils
Which tonsils are responsible for snoring?
adenoids (pharyngeal tonsils)
Which type of tonsils are known to be involves in strep throat?
lingual tonsils
The thymus continues to grow until _________________.
puberty
Is the thymus involved with B-cell or T-cell maturation?
T-cell
TRUE OR FALSE
In adults, the thymus atrophies and becomes almost nonfunctional
TRUE
What is known as the largest lymphatic organ in the body?
spleen
What initiates an immune response when antigens are found in the blood (a white pulp function)?
spleen
The spleen serves as a reservoir for _______________________ and ___________________ (red pulp function).
erythrocytes and platelets
What phagocytizes old, defective erythrocytes and platelets (red pulp function)?
spleen
The spleen phagocytizes ________________ and other foreign materials.
bacteria
