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Anatomy > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

The heart is the center of the __________ system.

A

cardiovascular system

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2
Q

_________ __________ transport blood between the heart and other body tissues.

A

Blood vessels

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3
Q

What carry blood away from the heart? What carry blood back to the heart?

A

arteries
veins

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4
Q

Arteries carry blood HIGH/LOW while veins carry blood HIGH/LOW in oxygen.

A

Arteries=high
veins=low

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5
Q

What arteries carry blood low in oxygen?

A

lungs (pulmonary)

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6
Q

What veins carry blood high in oxygen?

A

heart

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7
Q

arteries and veins entering and leaving the heart are called __________ ______________.

A

great vessels

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8
Q

What are considered the greater vessels?

A

1) aorta
2) pulmonary trunk
3) inferior vena cava
4) superior vena cava
5) coronary sinus

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9
Q

What does the coronary sinus do?

A

collects and drains deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle and wall, and returns it to the right atrium of the heart

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10
Q

TRUE or FALSE
The heart is closed system.

A

TRUE

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11
Q

The heart has what kind of blood flow?

A

unidirectional

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12
Q

what prevents the backflow of blood?

A

valves

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13
Q

What is the pulmonary circuit?

A

a circuit that moves blood between the heart and the lungs. Oxygen is absorbed and carbon dioxide is released.

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14
Q

What is the systemic circuit?

A

a circuit that moves blood between the heart and the rest of the body. Oxygenated blood is delivered to cells and deoxygenated blood is returned to the heart.

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15
Q

There are two independent side by side pumps. One directs blood to the BODY. Is this the left or right side?

A

LEFT (systemic)

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16
Q

There are two independent side by side pumps. One directs blood to the LUNGS. Is this the left or right side?

A

right (pulmonary)

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17
Q

The heart develops blood pressure. There is ________ which means the heart contracts. The other is called ____________ when the heart relaxes.

A

systolic
diastolic

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18
Q

How much does the heart weigh? It is approx the size of a person’s clenched fist.

A

250 to 350 grams
clenched fist

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19
Q

The heart is located _________ of the body midline posterior to the _______ in the middle mediastinum.

A

inferior
sternum

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20
Q

What side or border is located more anteriorly?

A

right

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21
Q

Pulmonary= ?
Systemic = ?

A

Right
Left

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22
Q

The pulmonary circuit transports ______________ blood to the _______ to exchange gases.

A

un-oxygenated
lungs

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23
Q

The systemic circuit receives _____________ blood from _________ and delivers it to __________ and __________.

A

oxygenated
lungs
organs and tissues

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24
Q

The heart occupies the _________________ sac, located in the middle _____________ ______________.

A

pericardial sac
middle inferior mediastinum

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25
Q

The heart is situated obliquely. Because of this it is 2/3 to the __________ of the median plane, and 1/3 to the __________.

A

left
right

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26
Q

what is the name of the posterior aspect of the heart. What is the inferolateral end?

A

base
apex (cone)

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27
Q

What are the 3 surfaces of the heart called?

A
  1. sternal
  2. diaphragmatic
  3. pulmonary
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28
Q

What are the four borders of the heart called?

A
  1. superior
  2. inferior
  3. right
  4. left
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29
Q

What arch is right behind (posterior to) the manubrium?

A

aortic arch

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30
Q

What lobe is the cardiac notch a part of?

A

superior

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31
Q

What structure is anterior to the vertebral column and posterior to the heart?

A

esophagus

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32
Q

In addition to the serous pericardium, the heart is contained in a fibrous pericardial sac called the ______________.

A

pericardial sac

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33
Q

What is the inside of the pericardial sac called?

A

parietal pericardium

34
Q

What are 2 functions of the pericardium?

A

1) RESTRICTS heart movements so that it doesn’t bounce and move about in the thoracic cavity

2) PREVENTS the heart from overfilling with blood

35
Q

What is the outer, tough, and dense connective tissue layer called?

A

fibrous pericardium

36
Q

The fibrous pericardium is attached to both the __________ and the _____________.

A

sternum
diaphragm

37
Q

The inner portion (thin and double layered serous membrane) of the pericardium are called ___________ and ___________ layers.

A

parietal
visceral

38
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart tissue?

A

superficial layer
middle layer
deep layer

39
Q

What is another word for the superfical layer?

A

epicardium (visceral pericardium)

40
Q

What is another word for the middle layer?

A

myocardium (contains mitochondria that creat energy bc myo- means muscle)

41
Q

What is another name for the deep layer?

A

endocardium (primarily connective tissue and lines the chambers of the heart)

42
Q

What are the 4 chambers called?

A

2 smaller atrium
2 larger ventricles

43
Q

The ____________ are thin-walled chambers. The amount of myocardium is thinner…Why?

A

atrium
don’t have to contract that hard bc they are just sending blood to the ventricles

44
Q

what is the overflow of the atrium called?

A

auricle (ear lobe)

45
Q

______________ are thicker walled chambers….why?

A

ventricles
pushes blood all throughout the body

46
Q

Two large arteries, the ______________ trunk and the _________exit the heart at the _________ surface

A

pulmonary
aorta
basal

47
Q

The ___________ trunk carries blood from the _______ ventricle into the ________________ circuit.

A

pulmonary
right
pulmonary

48
Q

The _____________conducts blood from the __________ ventricle into the ______________ circuit.

A

aorta
left
systemic

49
Q

Starting at right atrium, complete the “heart highway”

A
  1. Right atrium
  2. right atrial ventricular valve (tricuspid valve)
  3. right ventricle
  4. pulmonary semilunar valve
  5. pulmonary trunk
  6. pulmonary arteries (right and left)
  7. lungs (capillaries –> O2 exchange)
  8. pulmonary veins
  9. left atrium
  10. left atrial ventricular valve (mitral + bicuspid valve)
  11. Left ventricle
  12. aortic semilunar valve
  13. aorta
  14. tissue (systemic portion –> O2 exchange at tissues)
  15. systemic veins
  16. inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, and coronary sinus
  17. BACK TO THE RIGHT ATRIUM
50
Q

grooves in the heart are called _____________ and border the atria and ventricles

A

sulci (they contain VESSELS)

51
Q

What are the three sulci in the heart?

A
  1. Coronary sulcus
  2. anterior interventricular sulcus
  3. posterior interventricular sulcus
52
Q

what does the coronary sulcus separate?

A

2 atria from 2 ventricles

53
Q

what does the anterior interventricular sulcus separate?

A

right from left ventricle (anterior ventricular artery)

54
Q

What does the posterior interventricular sulcus separate?

A

the right and left ventricles

55
Q

What does the posterior interventricular sulcus protect?

A

posterior ventricular arteries

56
Q

What are the “only blue” arteries?

A

left pulmonary arteries and pulmonary trunk

57
Q

The left and right coronary arteries travel in the coronary sulcus which is also known as the _____________________.

A

atrioventricular groove

58
Q

Openings fro the coronary arteries are located immediately superior to the _____________ _____________ valve.

A

aortic semilunar

59
Q

What are the two right coronary arteries? One is the right border and the other is with the left and right ventricles.

A

marginal artery

posterior interventricular artery

60
Q

What are the 2 left coronary arteries? One is the anterior surface of both ventricles and septum. The other supplies the left atrium and ventricle.

A

Anterior interventricular artery
circumflex artery

61
Q

All the arteries drain into what and go straight to the right atrium?

A

coronary sinus

62
Q

The fibrous heart skeleton is located between the __________ and _______________.

A

atria and ventricle

63
Q

What are the functions of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

A

1.) anchors heart valves
2.) provides electrical insulation

64
Q

What provides a rigid framework for the attachment of cardiac muscle tissue? Only allows valves to open one way and in one direction….

A

Fibrous Skeleton

65
Q

The valves prevent ___________.

A

backflow

66
Q

The right atrium receives _______________ blood from the systemic circuit and the heart muscle itself.

A

deoxygenated

67
Q

The three major vessels empty into the right atrium. What are they called?

A

inferior vena cava
superior vena cava
coronary sinus

68
Q

The ___________________________ septum forms a wall between the right and left atria.

A

interatrial septum

69
Q

What is the “structure” in the right atrium next to the coronary sinus?

A

fossa oval

70
Q

What separates the right atrium from the right ventricle?

A

Right AV valve (tricuspid valve))

71
Q

The tricuspid valve is forced OPEN/CLOSED when the right ventricle begins to contract. Also stops from inverting on themselves

A

CLOSED

papillary muscle and chordae tendineae are also important

72
Q

What are three features of the right ventricle?

A
  1. interventricular septum
  2. papillary muscles
  3. chordae tendineae
73
Q

Located within the walls of both ventricles immediately before the connection of the ventricle to the __________ trunk and aorta.

A

pulmonary

74
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
As blood is pumped into the arterial trunks, it pushes against the cusps, forcing the valves open.

A

TRUE

75
Q

The left atrium has how many pulmonary veins?

A

4
(4 in and 5 out)

76
Q

The left atrium has pectinate muscles along its anterior wall as well as an ____________.

A

auricle

77
Q

What are two other names for the left AV valve?

A

bicuspid and mitral valve

78
Q

The left AV valve has _________ __________ similar to those of the right AV valve.

A

chordae tendineae

79
Q

Which chamber is the largest of the four heart chambers?

A

left ventricle

80
Q

Which wall of a chamber is three times thicker than the right ventricular wall? Why?

A

left ventricle
(has to pump blood all throughout the system…needs to generate enough pressure)

Anatomy (5 decks)

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