Heart Flashcards
The heart is the center of the __________ system.
cardiovascular system
_________ __________ transport blood between the heart and other body tissues.
Blood vessels
What carry blood away from the heart? What carry blood back to the heart?
arteries
veins
Arteries carry blood HIGH/LOW while veins carry blood HIGH/LOW in oxygen.
Arteries=high
veins=low
What arteries carry blood low in oxygen?
lungs (pulmonary)
What veins carry blood high in oxygen?
pulmonary
arteries and veins entering and leaving the heart are called __________ ______________.
great vessels
What are considered the greater vessels?
1) aorta
2) pulmonary trunk
3) inferior vena cava
4) superior vena cava
5) coronary sinus
What does the coronary sinus do?
collects and drains deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle and wall, and returns it to the right atrium of the heart
TRUE or FALSE
The heart is closed system.
TRUE
The heart has what kind of blood flow?
unidirectional
what prevents the backflow of blood?
valves
What is the pulmonary circuit?
a circuit that moves blood between the heart and the lungs. Oxygen is absorbed and carbon dioxide is released.
What is the systemic circuit?
a circuit that moves blood between the heart and the rest of the body. Oxygenated blood is delivered to cells and deoxygenated blood is returned to the heart.
There are two independent side by side pumps of theheart. One directs blood to the BODY. Is this the left or right side of the heart?
LEFT (systemic)
There are two independent side by side pumps of the heart. One directs blood to the LUNGS. Is this the left or right side of the heart?
right (pulmonary)
The heart develops blood pressure. There is ________ which means the heart contracts. The other is called ____________ when the heart relaxes.
systolic
diastolic
How much does the heart weigh? It is approx the size of a person’s clenched fist.
250 to 350 grams
clenched fist
The heart is located _________ of the body midline posterior to the _______ in the middle mediastinum.
inferior
sternum
What side or border is located more anteriorly?
right
Pulmonary= ?
Systemic = ?
Right
Left
The pulmonary circuit transports ______________ blood to the _______ to exchange gases.
un-oxygenated
lungs
The systemic circuit receives _____________ blood from _________ and delivers it to __________ and __________.
oxygenated
lungs
organs and tissues
The heart occupies the _________________ sac, located in the middle _____________ ______________.
pericardial sac
middle inferior mediastinum
The heart is situated obliquely. Because of this it is 2/3 to the __________ of the median plane, and 1/3 to the __________.
left
right
what is the name of the superior posterior aspect of the heart. What is the inferolateral end?
base
apex (cone)
What are the 3 surfaces of the heart called?
- sternal
- diaphragmatic
- pulmonary
What are the four borders of the heart called?
- superior
- inferior
- right
- left
What arch is right behind (posterior to) the manubrium?
aortic arch
What lobe is the cardiac notch a part of?
superior
What structure is anterior to the vertebral column and posterior to the heart?
esophagus
In addition to the serous pericardium, the heart is contained in a fibrous pericardial sac called the ______________.
pericardial sac
What is the inside of the pericardial sac called?
parietal pericardium
What are 2 functions of the pericardium?
1) RESTRICTS heart movements so that it doesn’t bounce and move about in the thoracic cavity
2) PREVENTS the heart from overfilling with blood
What is the outer, tough, and dense connective tissue layer called?
fibrous pericardium
The fibrous pericardium is attached to both the __________ and the _____________.
sternum
diaphragm
The inner portion (thin and double layered serous membrane) of the pericardium are called ___________ and ___________ layers.
parietal
visceral
What are the 3 layers of the heart tissue?
superficial layer
middle layer
deep layer
What is another word for the superfical layer?
epicardium (visceral pericardium)
What is another word for the middle layer?
myocardium (contains mitochondria that creat energy bc myo- means muscle)
What is another name for the deep layer?
endocardium (primarily connective tissue and lines the chambers of the heart)
What are the 4 chambers called?
2 smaller atrium
2 larger ventricles
The ____________ are thin-walled chambers. The amount of myocardium is thinner…Why?
atrium
don’t have to contract that hard bc they are just sending blood to the ventricles
what is the overflow of the atrium called?
auricle (ear lobe)
______________ are thicker walled chambers….why?
ventricles
pushes blood all throughout the body
Two large arteries, the ______________ trunk and the _________exit the heart at the _________ surface
pulmonary
aorta
basal
The ___________ trunk carries blood from the _______ ventricle into the ________________ circuit.
pulmonary
right
pulmonary
The aorta conducts blood from the __________ ventricle into the ______________ circuit.
left
systemic
Starting at right atrium, complete the “heart highway”
- Right atrium
- right atrial ventricular valve (tricuspid valve)
- right ventricle
- pulmonary semilunar valve
- pulmonary trunk
- pulmonary arteries (right and left)
- lungs (capillaries –> O2 exchange)
- pulmonary veins
- left atrium
- left atrial ventricular valve (mitral + bicuspid valve)
- Left ventricle
- aortic semilunar valve
- aorta
- tissue (systemic portion –> O2 exchange at tissues)
- systemic veins
- inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, and coronary sinus
- BACK TO THE RIGHT ATRIUM
grooves in the heart are called _____________ and border the atria and ventricles
sulci (they contain VESSELS)
What are the three sulci in the heart?
- Coronary sulcus
- anterior interventricular sulcus
- posterior interventricular sulcus
what does the coronary sulcus separate?
2 atria from 2 ventricles
what does the anterior interventricular sulcus separate?
right from left ventricle (anterior ventricular artery)
What does the posterior interventricular sulcus separate?
the right and left ventricles
What does the posterior interventricular sulcus protect?
posterior ventricular arteries
What are the “only blue” arteries?
left pulmonary arteries and pulmonary trunk
The left and right coronary arteries travel in the coronary sulcus which is also known as the _____________________.
atrioventricular groove
Openings fro the coronary arteries are located immediately superior to the _____________ _____________ valve.
aortic semilunar
What are the two right coronary arteries? One is the right border and the other is with the left and right ventricles.
marginal artery
posterior interventricular artery
What are the 2 left coronary arteries? One is the anterior surface of both ventricles and septum. The other supplies the left atrium and ventricle.
Anterior interventricular artery
circumflex artery
All the arteries drain into what and go straight to the right atrium?
coronary sinus
The fibrous heart skeleton is located between the __________ and _______________.
atria and ventricle
What are the functions of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?
1.) anchors heart valves
2.) provides electrical insulation
What provides a rigid framework for the attachment of cardiac muscle tissue? Only allows valves to open one way and in one direction….
Fibrous Skeleton
The valves prevent ___________.
backflow
The right atrium receives _______________ blood from the systemic circuit and the heart muscle itself.
deoxygenated
The three major vessels empty into the right atrium. What are they called?
inferior vena cava
superior vena cava
coronary sinus
The ___________________________ septum forms a wall between the right and left atria.
interatrial septum
What is the “structure” in the right atrium next to the coronary sinus?
fossa oval
What separates the right atrium from the right ventricle?
Right AV valve (tricuspid valve))
The tricuspid valve is forced OPEN/CLOSED when the right ventricle begins to contract. Also stops from inverting on themselves
CLOSED
papillary muscle and chordae tendineae are also important
What are three features of the right ventricle?
- interventricular septum
- papillary muscles
- chordae tendineae
Located within the walls of both ventricles immediately before the connection of the ventricle to the __________ trunk and aorta.
pulmonary
TRUE OR FALSE
As blood is pumped into the arterial trunks, it pushes against the cusps, forcing the valves open.
TRUE
The left atrium has how many pulmonary veins?
4
(4 in and 5 out)
The left atrium has pectinate muscles along its anterior wall as well as an ____________.
auricle
What are two other names for the left AV valve?
bicuspid and mitral valve
The left AV valve has _________ __________ similar to those of the right AV valve.
chordae tendineae
Which chamber is the largest of the four heart chambers?
left ventricle
Which wall of a chamber is three times thicker than the right ventricular wall? Why?
left ventricle
(has to pump blood all throughout the system…needs to generate enough pressure)
