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Anatomy > Lower Limb Thigh Muscles > Flashcards

Lower Limb Thigh Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the powerful and largest muscles in the body?

A

lower leg thigh

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2
Q

What two joints do these powerful muscles cross and act upon? What are the names of these muscles?

A

coxal (hip)
knee

sartorius, rectus femoris, hamstrings, gracillis

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3
Q

An important purpose of these muscles is to _____________ the highly movable coxal joint and support the body during standing and walking

A

Stabilize

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4
Q

Majority of the muscles that move the thigh at the coxal joint originate on the __________________ and insert on the _____________.

A

pelvic girdle
femur

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5
Q

The posterior leg has what two functions?

A

hip extension and knee flexion

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6
Q

the anterior leg has what two functions?

A

hip flexion and knee extension

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7
Q

The medial leg does ____________, while the lateral leg does ___________________.

A

adduction
abduction

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8
Q

What are the 4 adductor muscles?

A
  1. adductor longus
  2. adductor brevis
  3. gracilis
  4. adductor magnus
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9
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A
  1. iliopsoas (iliacus and psoas major)
  2. rectus femoris
  3. sartorius
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10
Q

what is a VERY strong hip flexor?

A

iliopsoas

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11
Q

What two muscles converge to tendon (iliopsoas)?

A

iliacus and psoas major

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12
Q

What is the origin of the psoas major?

A

transverse process of L1-L5

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13
Q

What is the origin of the iliacus?

A

iliac fossa

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14
Q

What does the rectus femoris attach to?

A

iliac spine

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15
Q

What is the only quad that has a function at the hip?

A

rectus femoris

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16
Q

What motion is the rectus femoris responsible for?

A

hip flexion

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17
Q

What does the sartorius attach to?

A

medial side of the tibia (pes anserine)

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18
Q

What attaches to the pes anserine?

A
  1. sartorius
  2. gracilis
  3. semitendinosus muscles
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19
Q

What 4 motions does the sartorius help with?

A
  1. hip flexion
  2. slightly knee flexion
  3. thigh external rotation
  4. lower leg internal rotation
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20
Q

What sport uses the sartorius a lot?

A

soccer

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21
Q

What motion do the medial muscles of the thigh deal with? Which nerve?

A

hip adduction
obturator nerve

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22
Q

List the medial muscles of the leg from anterior to posterior:

A

Obturator externus
Pectineus
Adductor Brevis
Adductor Longus
Adductor Magnus
Gracilis

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23
Q

What motions do the obturator externus help with?

A

adduction of the thigh
external rotation of hip

24
Q

What motions do the adductor brevis, adductor longus, and pectineus help with?

A

hip adduction and weak hip flexors (ANTERIOR)

25
Q

What motions do the adductor magnus help with?

A

hip extension
adduction
(POSTERIOR)

26
Q

What motions does the gracilis help with?

A

adduction of thigh and knee flexion (attached to the pes anserine->knee flexion)

27
Q

Which medial muscles of the thigh are superficial? Deep?

A

Superficial:
- pectineus
- adductor longus
- gracilis

Deep:
- adductor brevis
- adductor magnus

28
Q

What muscle is the adductor hiatus associated with? What artery flows thru?

A

adductor magnus
femoral-> popliteal

29
Q

What is the function of the adductor magnus?

A

adduction and hip extension

30
Q

What is the lateral muscle of the thigh?

A

Tensor fasciae latae

31
Q

What tendon is the tensor fasciae latae associated with?

A

IT band (iliotibial tract)

32
Q

What is the structure that is on the lateral tibia and is where the IT band attaches to?

A

Gerdy’s tubercle

33
Q

What is the opposite of the Gerdy’s tubercule?

A

pes anserine

34
Q

What are the motions associated with the Gerdy’s tubercle?

A

slightly hip adduction and hip flexion

35
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior thigh? Also known as what region?

A

biceps femoris (2 lateral)
semimembranosus and semitendinosus (2 medial)

HAMSTRINGS

36
Q

What are the motions associated with the hamstrings?

A

hip extension and knee flexion

37
Q

What is the motion with the bicep femoris?

A

external rotation of lower leg

38
Q

What is the motion associated with the semimembranosus and semitendinosus?

A

medial rotation of the lower leg

39
Q

What is the origin of the hamstrings?

A

ischial tuberosity

40
Q

What are the muscles of the gluteal group? Describe location

A

gluteus maximus (top bun)
gluteus medius (middle)
gluteus minimus (bottom bun)

41
Q

What are the motions of each component of the gluteal group?

A

maximus = extension and laterally rotate hip

medius and minimus = abduction of thigh and medial rotation

42
Q

What are the muscles of the deep gluteal region from superior to inferior?

A

Piriformis
Superior gemellus
Obturator internus
Inferior gemellus
Quadratus femoris

43
Q

What is the motion associated with the deep gluteal region?

A

lateral rotation

44
Q

What goes thru the piriformis and the superior gemellus?

A

sciatic nerve

45
Q

What thigh muscles move the knee joint with EXTENSION?

A

QUADS:
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius

46
Q

What motions does the rectus femoris help with?

A

hip flexion AND knee extension

47
Q

What is the function of the Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis, and Vastus intermedius?

A

ONLY knee extension

48
Q

All four of the quads converge on a single quadriceps tendon, which extends to the _____________ and then continues ___________ as the ____________ ligament and inserts on the ______________ _____________.

A

patella
inferiorly
patellar
tibial tuberosity

49
Q

Which quad is most central and anterior? What muscle does it block?

A

rectus femoris
vastus intermedius

50
Q

What are the thigh muscles that move the knee joint by FLEXION? What are they called as a group?

A

bicep femoris
semimembranosus
semitendinosus
^^^HAMSTRINGS

sartorius
gracilis

51
Q

The bicep femoris helps with what motion?

A

lateral lower leg rotation (lateral side)

52
Q

what function does the semimembranosus and semitendinosus help with?

A

medial lower leg rotation (MEDIAL)

53
Q

What do all the hamstring muscles help with?

A

hip extension and flexion

54
Q

What are the 3 muscles that the pes anserine attaches to?

A

semitendinosus
sartorius
gracilis

55
Q

What is the most superficial pairing of the hamstring? Deep pairing?

A

superficial = semitendinosus + biceps femoris LONG head

deep = semimembranosus + biceps femoris SHORT head

Anatomy (18 decks)

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