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Anatomy > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 functions of the digestive system?

A

1) Ingestion
2) Propel
3) Absorption
4) Excretion

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of “propel”

A

1) peristalsis (smooth movement)
2) segmentation (back and forth squeezing)

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3
Q

The digestive system is a “___________” from __________ to __________.

A

tube
mouth to anus

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4
Q

The digestive system allows food to be __________. Propels food, ____________ nutrients, and ___________ waste.

A

ingested
absorbs
expels

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5
Q

Digestive system vs digestive tract

A

Everything (system)
just the tube (tract)

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6
Q

What are the steps of the digestive tract?

A

mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine

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7
Q

What are the accessory organs/structures of the digestive system?

A

teeth
tongue
salivary glands
liver
pancreas
gallbladder

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8
Q

What is the inside of clenched teeth called?

A

oral cavity

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9
Q

what is the space between lips or cheeks and alveolar process called?

A

vestibule

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10
Q

What is another word for lips

A

labia

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11
Q

What is the oral cavity roof called?

A

palate

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12
Q

What is involved in speech , taste, mastication, swallowing

A

tongue

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13
Q

What structures are involved in the oral cavity?

A

mouth
lips and cheeks
palate
palatine tonsils
tongue

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14
Q

What is the name of the structure that connects lips to mandible or maxilla? It is a cord-like structure…

A

frenulum
(upper lip, tongue, and lower lip)

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15
Q

TRUE or FALSE
The teeth are a part of the digestive track.

A

FALSE

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16
Q

How many primary, deciduous, milk, childhood teeth are there?

A

20

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17
Q

How many permanent, secondary, or adult teeth are there?

A

32

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18
Q

What are the four types of teeth?

A

1) incisors (cutting)
2) canine (tearing)
3) premolar
4) molars (grinders)

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19
Q

How many incisors are there?

A

8

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20
Q

What is the anatomy of the teeth from top to bottom?

A

crown
neck
root

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21
Q

What is the crown made of?

A

enamel (the hardest part of human body)

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22
Q

What is the anatomy of the tooth from central to outside?

A

root canal/pulp chamber (nerve and blood supply)
->
dentin
->
cementum
->
enamel

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23
Q

What is the inside material of the tooth called?

A

dentin

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24
Q

What are the 3 salivary glands called?

A

1.) parotid
2) submandibular
3.) sublingual

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25
What are the components of saliva?
1) Na+ and K + ions 2) immunoglobin A 3) mucin (lubricant) 4) salivary amylase
26
What does salivary amylase do?
breaks down simple carbs
27
Where is the parotid gland located?
anterior to the cheek (20-30% of saliva)
28
Where is the submandibular gland located?
underneath angle of mandible (60-70% of saliva)
29
Where is the sublingual gland located?
under tongue (3-5% of saliva)
30
Rank the salivary glands by size:
LARGEST = parotid Middle = submandibular smallest = sublingual
31
What parts of the pharynx are a part of the digestive system?
oropharynx and laryngopharynx
32
What are the 3 steps of deglutition?
1) initiation phase 2) pharyngeal 3) esophageal
33
What is the initiation phase? Where? Voluntary or involuntary?
uvula tenses and blocks throat and epiglottis forces it down the esophagus tongue voluntary
34
What is the pharyngeal phase? Where? Voluntary or involuntary?
move food to back of throat pharynx (skeletal muscles) involuntary
35
What is the esophageal phase? Where? Voluntary or involuntary?
peristalsis smooth muscle involuntary
36
The esophagus transports ______________ from pharynx to stomach.
bolus
37
The esophagus passes into abdominal cavity through esophageal hiatus of the ___________.
diaphragm
38
What are the 2 sphincters of the esophagus?
upper and lower (cardiac sphincter/gastroesophageal)
39
What is the purpose of the upper esophagus sphincter?
Located at the top of the esophagus, just below the throat. It's made up of striated muscles and prevents air from entering the esophagus when a person is talking
40
What is the purpose of the cardiac sphincter?
Located at the bottom of the esophagus and top of the stomach. It's made up of smooth muscles and allows food to pass into the stomach when a person swallows
41
What is a common "complication" of the cardiac sphincter?
acid reflux (heart burn)
42
Food that has been chewed and mixed with saliva in the mouth
Bolus
43
A fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder that helps with digestion.
Bile
44
Food that has been mixed with gastric juice. Enters the small intestine after passing through the stomach.
chyme
45
What are the parts of the stomach from most superior to inferior?
1.) cardiac sphincter (bolus) 2.) Fundus 3.) body 4.) pylorus (chyme)
46
What are the openings of the stomach called?
1. gastroesophageal (esophagus) 2. pyloric (duodenum)
47
What are the folds inside the stomach called (they increase the surface area)?
rugae
48
What are the layers of the smooth muscle of the stomach called?
longitudinal (outer) circular (middle) oblique (inner)
49
What are the layers of the stomach called?
serosa or visceral peritoneum (outermost) muscularis submucosa (nerves and vessels run) mucosa
50
the small intestine has a primary role in the ________________ and _______________ of nutrients (90%).
ingestion and absorption
51
What are the three subdivisions of the small intestine?
1) duodenum (closest to stomach) 2) jejunum (middle) 3) ileum (before cecum)
52
What part of the small intestine is known as the "mixing bowl"? Why?
duodenum chyme is put with digestive solution from liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
53
What part of the small intestine is the site of most chemical digestion and absorption?
jejunum
54
In the small intestine ______________________________ and _________________________ increase surface area for absorption.
Transverse folds (plicae circulares) and small projections (intestinal villi)
55
Intestinal juices moisten the __________, help __________ acids, and hold enzymes and products of digestion in solution.
chyme buffer
56
What adds digestive juices to chyme?
liver
57
What separates the left and right lobe of the liver?
round ligament
58
Where does the gallbladder sit?
Inferior middle border of the right lobe of the liver
59
What lobe of the liver is the inferior vena cava sitting?
right lobe
60
What are the major and minor lobes of the liver?
Major: left and right minor: caudate and quadrate
61
Which major lobe houses the minor lobes?
right
62
Which lobe of the liver is the location of the hepatic duct, hepatic portal vein, and hepatic artery?
right lobe
63
What is the purpose of the left and right hepatic ducts?
drains the liver
64
What does the common hepatic duct merge?
right and left hepatic ducts
65
What is the major duodenal papilla?
opening where fluid leaves one structure and goes into another
66
What does the cystic duct drain?
gallbladder
67
What is the common bile duct consisted of?
common hepatic duct and cystic duct
68
How did Dr.Brumels describe the purpose of the hepatopancreatic ampulla?
car wash for the magic school bus in the spleen to the liver
69
What organs are involved with the common bile duct?
liver and gallbladder
70
Where is the pancreas relative to the stomach?
the pancreas is posterior to the stomach
71
What is the purpose of the gallbladder? What color is it?
emulsify fat green
72
The pancreas is both a ____________ and ________________ gland.
endocrine (into blood directly) and exocrine (secretes onto a surface)
73
The ___________________ gland of the pancreas involves the pancreatic islets, and they produce ______________ and ________________.
endocrine insulin and glucagon
74
The ___________________ gland of the pancreas involves the _______, and they produce _____________.
exocrine acini, digestive enzyme
75
The head of the pancreas is near which organ? What about the tail?
duodenum spleen
76
The small intestine starts with the ___________________ sphincter at the ___________ section of the ___________________.
pyloric pyloric stomach
77
In the small intestine, digestive juices from liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are added at ___________________ _________________.
Hepato-pancreatic ampulla
78
What are the three regions of the small intestine?
Duodenum, Jejunum, and Ileum
79
The small intestine ends at the _________________________ junctions/sphincter.
Ileo-cecal
80
What are the portions of the large intestine/colon called?
ascending transverse descending sigmoid/rectal
81
The right colic flexure of the large intestine is near the ____________, while the left colic flexure is near the ______________.
right = liver (hepatic colic flexure) left = spleen (splenic)
82
The ___________ _______________ is off of the cecum.
veriform appendix
83
What two things assist with movement and absorption of bolus?
haustra and tenia coli
84
The haustra and tenia coli __________ and help with continual _________________ of waste.
pack movement
85
The haustra are mainly involved with __________, while tenia coli are mainly involved with ________________.
segmentation = haustra peristalsis = tenia coli
86
What are abnormal growths inside the colon?
polyps

Anatomy (21 decks)

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