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Anatomy > Lower Leg Muscles > Flashcards

Lower Leg Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the word to describe the muscles that move the ankle, foot, and toes? What are their purpose? What are the compartments of these muscles?

A

crural muscles

help flex the knee

three compartments (anterior, lateral, and posterior)

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2
Q

What muscles span the knee joint and work to flex the knee?

A

gastrocnemius
plantaris
popliteus

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3
Q

What are the motions of the gastroc?

A

ankle plantar flexion and knee flexion (2 MUSCLE JOINT)

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4
Q

What muscle attaches to the lateral femoral condyl and crosses the knee joint?

A

plantaris

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5
Q

What muscles are a part of the calcaneal tendon?

A

GPS

gastroc
plantaris
soleus

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6
Q

What are the WEAK functions of the plantaris?

A

weak knee flexion and ankle flexion

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7
Q

what is the hand analogy for the plantaris?

A

palmaris longus

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8
Q

What is the arm analogy for the politeus?

A

anconeus

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9
Q

What is the function of the popliteus?

A

flex and medially rotate knee (one joint muscle doesn’t cross ankle joint)

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10
Q

What is the “knee unlocker” (when knee is extended to unextend

A

popliteus

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11
Q

Which muscle twists lower leg into medial rotation?

A

popliteus

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12
Q

What does the anterior compartment of the leg do?

A

dorsiflexion and toe extension

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13
Q

what does the lateral compartent of the leg do?

A

eversion

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14
Q

What does the superficial posterior compartment of the leg do?

A

plantar flexion

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15
Q

what does the deep posterior compartment do?

A

plantar flexion and eversion

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16
Q

What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
fibularis (peroneus) tertius
tibialis anterior

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17
Q

What hold down all the anterior compartment muscles?

A

extensor retinaculum

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18
Q

What is the function of the extensor digitorum longus and what does it cross?

A

ankle dorsiflexion and extend toes
cross ankle joint

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19
Q

What function does the extensor hallucis longus have and what does it cross?

A

ankle dorsiflexion and big toe extension

crosses the anterior ankle

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20
Q

what does the fibularis (peroneus) tertius do? What does it cross?

A

lateral foot
dorsiflexion and Eversion

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21
Q

what does the tibialis anterior do? What is it attached to?

A

primary dorsiflexion and Inversion

attached on the medial side

DOES NOT FLEX TOES

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22
Q

What are the three “landmarks” of the knee? What attaches to each of them?

A

1) tibial tuberosity [patellar ligament]
2) pes anserine [sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus muscles]
3) Gerdy’s tubercle [IT band]

23
Q

Which leg compartment has two synergistic muscles that do what functions?

A

lateral
eversion and plantar flexion

24
Q

The fibularis (peroneus) longus is on top of the ___________________.

A

fibularis brevis

25
Q

the tendon the the fibularis longus attaches to the ___________ side of the foot

A

plantar

26
Q

ALL fibularis muscles do what motion to the foot

A

EVERT

27
Q

The fibularis longus and brevis help with what motion?

A

plantar flexion and eversion

28
Q

the fibular tertius does what motion?

A

dorsiflexion

29
Q

The superficial layer of the posterior compartments contains what 3 muscles?

A

gastroc
soleus
plantaris

30
Q

Does the posterior muscles deal with toes movement?

A

(doesn’t have a function with toes)

31
Q

What is the most superficial lower leg muscle?

A

medial and lateral head of the gastrocnemius (crosses knee)

32
Q

What function at the knee does the soleus have?

A

NONE

33
Q

What is a broad, flat muscle deep to the gastroc?

A

soleus

34
Q

What muscle crosses the knee that is also absent in some?

A

plantaris

35
Q

the plantaris is a weak ….

A

knee and plantar flexor

36
Q

the deep layer of the posterior compartment contains what four muscles?

A

Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Tibialis posterior
Popliteus

37
Q

The deep posterior compartment is on the _______ side of the ankle to the foot

A

medial

38
Q

What two muscles plantar flex, invert, and flex toes 2-5

A

flexor digitorum longus
tibialis posterior

39
Q

What muscle plantar flex, invert, and flex big toe

A

flexor hallucis longus

40
Q

popliteus is an ________ rotator of the tibia

A

external

41
Q

What is the order of the deep posterior from the top of the knee? WHat about by ankle?

A

top of knee (D TP H)
ankle (T D H)

42
Q

The intrinsic muscles of the foot support the _____ and move the toes to aid in _______.

A

arch
locomotion

43
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
the intrinsic muscles have a function at the ankle

A

FALSE

44
Q

What are the dorsal groups of the intrinsic muscles of the foot?

A

extensor hallucis brevis
extensor digitorum brevis

45
Q

What is in the tarsal tunnel?

A

Tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
tibial artery
tibial vein
tibial nerve
flexor hallucis longus

46
Q

What is the plantar group of the intrinsic muscles of the foot?

A

plantar aponeurosis (plantar fascia)

47
Q

Four layers of the intrinsic muscles exist.. what is the layer 1 (most superficial)

A

Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor digiti minimi
Abductor hallucis

48
Q

What is layer 2 of the intrinsic foot?

A

Quadratus plantae
Lumbricals

49
Q

What stabilizes toes and correct line of pull for flexor digitorum muscles?

A

Quadratus plantae

50
Q

what flexes MP joints only?

A

lumbricals

51
Q

What is layer 3 of the intrinsic muscles?

A

Adductor hallucis
Flexor hallucis brevis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis

52
Q

What is layer 4 of intrinsic muscles of the foot (most deep)?

A

Dorsal interossei (4)
Plantar interossei (3)

53
Q
A

Anatomy (18 decks)

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