Intro & Systems Flashcards
Anatomy is the study of the _________________ of the body.
structure
Physiology is the scientific discipline that studies the ________________ of body structures.
function
Physiology = ?
function
Anatomy = ?
structure
What are the two categories of anatomical study:
- microscopic
- gross
The study of structures with the aid of a microscope is called:
microscopic
The structural features of cells is called:
cytology
The study of tissues is called:
histology
The study of structures that can be examined without the aid of a microscope is called:
gross
The study of the gross anatomy involved in body systems. i.e. circulatory, musculoskeletal, etc:
systemic approach
Studying the body by areas. i.e. head, trunk, extremities, etc. :
regional approach
The study of the external form of the body and its relation to deeper structures. i.e. the bony landmarks such as the sternum used to locate regions of the heart:
surface anatomy approach
anatomical changes due to disease
pathology
observing anatomy via diagnostic tests (CT scan, bone scan, MRI)
radiology
location of structures prior to and after surgery
surgical
anatomy used during clinical examination or visit. FOCUS OF THIS CLASS
clinical
The clinical study of human anatomy emphasizes structure and function as they relate to the ____________________________ and other health sciences.
practice of medicine
TRUE/FALSE: Emphasizes structure and function that are clinically relevant
TRUE
Accurate diagnosis is based on knowledge of __________________.
anatomy
Consists of how many levels of structural organization:
6
Name the levels of organization (lowest to highest):
- Chemical
- Cellular
- Tissue
- Organ
- Organ system
- Organismal
Chemical level consists of ___________ and __________________ that join to create cells.
atoms and molecules
Cellular level creation of ________________ that are specialized and functional units of cells.
organelles
Tissue level precise organizations of cells that form _________________ that has specific function.
tissue
What type of tissue covers body cavities and exposed tissue?
Epithelial
What tissue protects, supports, and connects tissues and organs?
Connective
What tissue involves movement production?
Muscles
Which tissues involve communication and conduction of impulses?
Nervous
Which level deals with organs being formed and at least 2 different tissue types combine?
(at this level there are at lease 2 types of functions!)
Organ level
The organ system level is related organs and structures that ___________________ to produce desired function.
coordinate activities
What is the highest level or organization, and consists of varioous organ systems to produce a living ____________________.
Organismal level; organism
FILL IN THE BLANKS :)
______1______ and ______1______ join to form different cells, similar cells join to form _____2_____, different ____2_____ join to form ___3_____, different ___3___ join to form _____4___, and different _____4_____ join to form an organism.
- Atoms and Molecules
- tissues
- organs
- organ systems
Name the 11 Major Organ Systems!!!!
- Integumentary
- Skeletal
- Muscular
- Nervous
- Endocrine
- CardioVascular
- Lymphatic
- Respiratory
- Digestive
- Urinary
- Reproductive
Which system provides protection, regulates body temperature and cutaneous receptors?
Integumentary
The integumentary system helps absorb _______________ and prevents ________________.
Vitamin D and prevents water loss
Which system provides support AND protection, is the site of hematopoiesis, and allows for body movement?
Skeletal
The skeletal system stores what two elements?
calcium and phosphorus
Which system produces body movements, allows for locomotion, fine motor control, and allows us to function “normally” daily?
AND
Give an example of how it comes into play…
Muscular
the body generates heat when muscles contract (shivering when cold)
The nervous system is a ______________ system that controls body systems?
regulatory
Which system responds to sensory stimuli, helps control all other systems of the body, and responsible for consciousness, intelligence, memory?
nervous system
The endocrine system consists of ____________ and _______ _____________ that secrete ____________.
glands and cell clusters
hormones
What system involves body and cellular growth, chemical levels in the body, and reproductive functions?
Endocrine
The cardiovascular system consists of a ___________ (AKA the _________).
pump; heart
The heart moves blood through _______________ in order to distribute ________, ___________________, __________, and pick up _____________ products.
vessels;
hormones, nutrients, gases;
waste products
Which system transports and filters interstitial fluid?
BONUS: What is another name for interstitial fluid?
Lymphatic
Lymph
Which system initiates an immune response when necessary?
Lymphatic
The respiratory system is responsible for exchange of what 2 things?
This exchange occurs between ___________ and _______ in the lungs.
Respiratory
blood and air
The digestive system ______________ and _______________ breaks down and digests food materials.
mechanically and chemically
The digestive system has two functions…
- Absorb nutrients
- Expels waste products
The urinary system filters _____________.
blood
The urinary system concentrates ___________ and expels waste products in the form of ________________.
waste
urine
The urinary system regulates blood ________________ and ___________, and also measures __________ levels.
volume and pressure
acidity levels
The male reproductive system produces __________ and hormones (________________).
Sperm
testosterone
The female reproductive system produces ____________ and hormones ______________ and __________________.
oocytes
estrogen and progesterone
The female reproductive system is the site of what 2 things?
- Fertilization of oocyte
- Growth and development of embryo and fetus
