urinary clinical skills prac Flashcards
1
Q
A
struvite with RBCs
2
Q
A
struvite
3
Q
A
cystine
4
Q
A
calcium oxalate monohydrate
5
Q
A
cellular casts
6
Q
A
ammonium biurate
7
Q
A
leucocytes
8
Q
A
transitional epithelial cells
9
Q
A
struvite
10
Q
A
ammonium biurate
11
Q
A
struvite
12
Q
A
calcium oxalate dihydrate
13
Q
A
struvite
14
Q
A
calcium carbonate (equine)
15
Q
A
cystine crystals (canine)
16
Q
A
cast - red cell
17
Q
A
red and white blood cells
18
Q
dark urine means
A
concentrated
19
Q
brown/green urine indicates
A
bile pigments
20
Q
brown urine indicates
A
myoglobin
21
Q
organge or blue urine indicates
A
drug treatmens
22
Q
turbidity in the urine indicates
A
crystals (although normal in horses and rabbits as excrete calcium)
cells (UTI/neoplasia)
23
Q
fishy smelling urine inidcates
A
bacterial infection
24
Q
sweet smelling urine inidcates
A
ketones (DM or ketosis)
25
glucose in the urine means
- urine collected in a contaminated container (jam jar)
- renal threshold for glucose is exceeded (DM, stressed cat, renal damage) allowing glucose across the filtrate
26
bilirubin in the urine means
liver disease or haemolysis
27
ketones in the urine means
condition altering carbohydrate metabolism
- ketosis in cattle
- pregnancy toxaemia in sheep
- starvation
- DM
28
blood in the urine means
- whole blood = trauma of collection (cysto, inflammation of urogenital tract, contamination in female in oestrus/proestrus
- haemoglobin: red cell breakdown (immune mediated hemolytic anemia
- myoglogbin: myoglobin will casue a positive haemoglobin result
29
protein in the urine means
- false positives: contamination with alkaline cleaning products, alkaline urine
- positiveL urinary tract infections and inflammation, renal disease such as glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome, multiple myeloma
30
urobilinogen in the urine means
not useful or reliable in animals
positives can mean haemolytic disease or liver disease
