urinary clinical skills prac Flashcards

1
Q
A

struvite with RBCs

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2
Q
A

struvite

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3
Q
A

cystine

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4
Q
A

calcium oxalate monohydrate

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5
Q
A

cellular casts

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6
Q
A

ammonium biurate

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7
Q
A

leucocytes

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8
Q
A

transitional epithelial cells

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9
Q
A

struvite

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10
Q
A

ammonium biurate

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11
Q
A

struvite

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12
Q
A

calcium oxalate dihydrate

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13
Q
A

struvite

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14
Q
A

calcium carbonate (equine)

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15
Q
A

cystine crystals (canine)

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16
Q
A

cast - red cell

17
Q
A

red and white blood cells

18
Q

dark urine means

A

concentrated

19
Q

brown/green urine indicates

A

bile pigments

20
Q

brown urine indicates

A

myoglobin

21
Q

organge or blue urine indicates

A

drug treatmens

22
Q

turbidity in the urine indicates

A

crystals (although normal in horses and rabbits as excrete calcium)
cells (UTI/neoplasia)

23
Q

fishy smelling urine inidcates

A

bacterial infection

24
Q

sweet smelling urine inidcates

A

ketones (DM or ketosis)

25
Q

glucose in the urine means

A
  • urine collected in a contaminated container (jam jar)
  • renal threshold for glucose is exceeded (DM, stressed cat, renal damage) allowing glucose across the filtrate
26
Q

bilirubin in the urine means

A

liver disease or haemolysis

27
Q

ketones in the urine means

A

condition altering carbohydrate metabolism
- ketosis in cattle
- pregnancy toxaemia in sheep
- starvation
- DM

28
Q

blood in the urine means

A
  • whole blood = trauma of collection (cysto, inflammation of urogenital tract, contamination in female in oestrus/proestrus
  • haemoglobin: red cell breakdown (immune mediated hemolytic anemia
  • myoglogbin: myoglobin will casue a positive haemoglobin result
29
Q

protein in the urine means

A
  • false positives: contamination with alkaline cleaning products, alkaline urine
  • positiveL urinary tract infections and inflammation, renal disease such as glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome, multiple myeloma
30
Q

urobilinogen in the urine means

A

not useful or reliable in animals
positives can mean haemolytic disease or liver disease