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URO 2 > 2. Gross anatomy of the non-pregnant female tract P > Flashcards

2. Gross anatomy of the non-pregnant female tract P Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of the ovary

A
  • development of female gametes (oocytes)
  • production of female sex steroids
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2
Q

what are the regions of the ovary

A
  1. cortex : outer parechymatous zone containing follicles and corpora lutea
  2. medulla : inner vascular zone; rete ovarii in carnivores and ruminants
  3. stroma : spindle shaped cells that surround the ovarian follicles
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3
Q
A
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4
Q

how does the follicle develop

A
  1. composed of an oocyte surrounded by specialized epithelial cells called granulosa and/or cumulus
  2. during follicular development the epithelial cells become surrounded by specialized stroma cells (theca) and a fluid filled cavity develops among the epithelial cells
  3. these cell layers are separated by a basement membrane
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5
Q

what is a primordial follicle

A

the least developed and most numerous follicles; primary oocyte surrounded by simple squamous epithelial granulosa cells

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6
Q

what is a primary follicle

A

the first developmental stage of a growing follicle; primary oocyte surrounded by simple cuboidal epithelial granulosa cells

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7
Q

what is a secondary follicle

A

granulosa cells proliferate and form a stratified epithelium (multiple layers of granulosa cells)

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8
Q

what is an early antral follicle

A

characterized by a fluid containing cavity (antrum); theca cells differentiate into 2 layers and are bvious at this stage

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9
Q

what is an antral follicle

A

the granulosa cells form a thickened mound (cumulus oophorus) which projects into the antrum. the oocyte is often not visible in antral follicle sections

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10
Q

how is the early corpus luteum characterized histologically

A
  • at ovulation the follicular wall composed of the granulosa and thecal cells collapses
  • basement membrane breaks down, tissue is remodelled, vessels increase and is transformed into the corpus luteum
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11
Q

this is a cross sectin of the ovary. idetify the cortex, medulla, corpus lutem, antral follicle, pre-antral follicle, and location where primardial and primary follicle might be

A
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12
Q

below is a cross section of an antral follicle. identify the oocyte, granulosa cells, theca layer, cumulus cells, ovarian surface epithelium and a different follicle

A
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13
Q

below is a cross section of the corpus luteum. identify the outer edge of the CL, primary follicle and antral follicle.

A
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14
Q

what cell types in the CL produce progesterone and what are the origins of these cells

A

Large luteal cells
originate from the granulosa

Theca cells (small luteal) contribute to synthesis of progesterone

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15
Q

what is the uterine tube

A

extends from the uterus towards the ovaries. it communicates with the uterine cavity (caudal end) and the peritoneal cavity (cranial end)

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16
Q

what are the 3 segments of the uterine tube

A
  • infundibulium (fullen shaped cranial end)
  • ampulla (middle segment)
  • isthmus (caudal narrow muscular segment)
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17
Q

what are the 3 layers of the uterine tube wall

A
  • serosa (peritoneum outer)
  • muscularis (middle)
  • mucosa (inner)
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17
Q

how do you tell which region of the oviduct you are viewing

A
  • The proximal part is called the infundibulum, which is flared and ‘fringed’ (fimbriated).
  • This leads into a longer, thin walled ampulla, which has primary, secondary and tertiary longitudinal mucosal folds.
  • This leads into a short thicker-walled isthmus, which has fewer longitudinal mucosal folds.
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17
Q

the mucosa of the ovarian tube is identified by which characteristics

A
  • the mucosa projects into the lumen as longitudinal folds; blood vessels supply the tubes via the mesosalpinx
  • the mucosa is lined by simple of pseudostratified columnar epithelium with ciliated and non ciliated secretory cells
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18
Q

which parts of the uterine tube do these cross sections most resemble

A
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19
Q

list the 3 segments of the uterus

A
  • horn
  • body
  • neck (cervix)
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20
Q

list the 3 layers of the uterine wall

A
  • endometrium : mucosa/inner; secretory and suports embryo/pregnancy
  • myometrium : muscularis; contractile
  • perimetrium : serosa/outer; protective layer
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21
Q

below is a cross section of the uterus. identify the myometrium, endometrium. within the endometrium, identify the luminal epithelium, glands and lumen

A

in a cow you might also see caruncles which appear as densely packed stromal cells

22
Q

what is the broad ligament - are there any species differences

A

Wide sheet of peritoneum supporting the ovaries, uterine tube, horns, body, cervix by suspending them from the dorsolateral body wall, subdivided into 3 structures
- no species differences

23
Q

what is the mesovarium - are there any species differences

A

supports the ovaries
- no species differences

24
Q

what is the mesosalpinx - are there any species differences

A

Supports the Uterine Tubes; May store fat in the bitch

25
Q

what is the mesometrium. are there any species differences

A

supports the uterine horns, body and cervix
- no species differences

26
Q

where are the ovaries - are there species differences

A

bitch: caudal to each respective kidney
queen: caudal to each respoective kidney
mare: far cranially; bean shaped; germinal cells at eye of bean
cow: just cranial to pelivc inlet; size and shape depend on cycle
small ruminant: just cranial to pelvic inlet; size and shape depend on cycle
sow: caudal to each respective kidney

27
Q

what is the ovarian bursa - are there species differences

A

Bitch: Sac of peritoneum surrounding ovary;Formed by mesovarium medially and mesosalpinx laterally; Well developed in bitch, constricted entrance.
Queen: Well Developed
Mare: Spacious bursa with large entrance. Shallow unable to hold ovary. Not as significant as in the bitch.
cow: Spacious bursa with large entrance. Shallow unable to hold ovary. Not as significant as in the bitch.
small ruminant: Spacious bursa with large entrance. Shallow unable to hold ovary. Not as significant as in the bitch.
sow: Spacious bursa with large entrance. Shallow unable to hold ovary. Not as significant as in the bitch.

28
Q

what is the ovulation fossa - are there species differences

A

only place for ovulation in the mare
- doesnt exist in any species but horse

29
Q

what is the abdoinal ostium of ovarian bursa - are there species differences

A

Small slit on the medial side that opens to the abdominal cavity; edges of the fimbria are visible through it
- no species differences

30
Q

where is the suspensory ligament and are there any species differences

A

From the dorsal body wall to the cranial ovarian pole
- no species differences

31
Q

where is the proper ligament of the ovary and are there any species differences

A

From the caudal ovarian pole to the tip of the uterine horn
- no species differences

32
Q

what is the round ligament of the uterus (where) - are there any species differences

A

Remnant of the Gubernaculum; from the tip of the uterine horn to/through the inguinal canal
- no species differences

33
Q

what is the uterine tube - are there any species differences

A

Carries oocyte from ovary to uterine horn
- no species differences

34
Q

what is the infundibulum - are there any species differences

A

“Funnel”; roughened surface= fimbria; envelops and massages ovary at ovulation and retrieves oocytes
- no species differences

35
Q

what is the ampulla - are there any species differences

A

Wider portion following the infundibulum
- no species differences

36
Q

what is the isthmus - are there any species differences

A

Narrower, more tortuous portion leading on to the Uterine Horn
- no species differences

37
Q

what is the uterus (horns) - are there any species differences

A

Paired, Tubular Portions; Long and Straight; where the bitch carries fetuses
- shorter in the mare
- relatively long and coiled in the cow and small ruminant
- extrement long and coiled like jejunum in the sow

38
Q

what is the uterus (body) - are there any species differences

A

Where two horns fuse on the midline; Short
- long in mare
- short in cow, small ruminant and sow

39
Q

what is the inter-corunal ligament - are there any species differences

A

ligament between horns
- no species differences

40
Q

what are caruncles - are there any species differences

A

only exist in ruminants - support placenta

41
Q

what is the cervix - are there any species differences

A

Bitch: Very thick walled portion caudal to body; Functions as Uterine Sphincter; Protrudes into vaginal cavity and forms Vaginal Fornix
Queen: Same as in Bitch
Mare: Longitudinal folds of mucosa only
Cow: Transverse interlocking folds; mucosa and muscle
small ruminant: Transverse interlocking folds; Mucosa and Muscle
sow: Long with Mucosa and Muscle Spiral Folds

42
Q

where is the internal uterine os

A

cranial border of the cervical canal

43
Q

where is the external uterine os

A

caudal border of the cervical canal

44
Q

what is the vagina

A

between uterine cervix cranially and vestibule caudally

45
Q

what is the vaginal fornix

A

blind ended “cul-de-sac” formed when the cervix protrudes into the vaginal cavity

46
Q

what is the vestibule - are there any species differences

A

caudal end of the vagina to vulva
- contains urethra and suburethral diverticulum in the ruminant and sow

47
Q

what is the urethral tubercle - are there any species differences

A

Small elevation in floor of Vestibule on which opens Urethra
- only in bitch and queen

48
Q

which species have a urethral fold

A

horses, ruminants and sow

49
Q

what is the vestibular bulb - are there any species differences

A

Erectile tissue w/in vestibular walls; important in canine copulation
- only in the bitch

50
Q

what is the dorsal commisure

A

dorsal junction of right and left labia; rounded

51
Q

what is the ventral commisure

A

ventral junction of right and left labia; more pointed

52
Q

what is the clitoris - are there any species differences

A

homologue of the penis
- in horses large and well developed; musculocavernous

53
Q

what is the fossa clitoris

A

Small Cavity housing the Clitoris; in the Ventral Commissure;
Ventral to Ischial Arch

URO 2 (106 decks)

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