imaging of the urinary system Flashcards
what structures are nearby the right kidney
- colon ventrally
- dorsally lumbar muscles
- liver craniocentrally
- right ovary/small intestine caudoventrally
- duodenum ventrolateral
- cadual vena cava/ right adrenal gland medial
- ribs laterally
where is the right kidney palpable
tucked under the last rib on the right
where is the left kidney palpable
just behind last rib on left
what organs are adjacent to the left kidney
- small intestines ventrally
- lumbar muscles dorsally
- spleen cranial
- left ovary caudal
- aorta/left adrenal gland medial
- colon ventrolateral
- bodywall laterally
outline the path of the ureters
- cranial portions of the ureters run through retroperitoneal space lateral to the great vessels (aorta and CVC)
- run briefly through the peritoneum towards the bladder
- enter bladder at region of trigone
where will you find the bladder to palpate
3rd/4th nipples
the bladder is adjacent to which organs
- body wall ventrally
- uterus/colon dorsally
- small intestines cranially
- prostate/pelvis caudally
describe the route of the tom cat male urethra
passes through the prostate and exits pelvic canal caudally
makes a a sharp turn ventrally before entering the penis
which views should be taken to assess the urinary tract radiographically
- both laterals
- ventrodorsal
where do you collimate or centre radiographs of the urinary system
- laterally to skin edges
- cranially to xiphoid
- caudally to skin edge (urethra)
- centre to caudal edge of lest rib
are the kidneys more separated on right or left lateral rad
right
how long should kidneys be
2.5-3.5 x length of L2 in the dog
2-3x in cats
where should the right kidney be located on rad
cranial pole at T13-L1 in dog
L1-L4 in cat
what view
frontal
what view
sagittal - ventral to dorsal
what view
transverse
what are the 3 layers of the bladder visible on US
- inner mucosal interface = hyperechoic
- muscle layer = hypoechoic
- outer serosal layer = hyperechoic
