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URO 2 > 1. female reproductive anatomy > Flashcards

1. female reproductive anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

which female genital organs arise from the paramesonephron

A

gonads, uterine tube, uterus, vagina

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2
Q

which female genital organs originate from the urogenital sinus

A

vestibule, vulva, clitoris

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3
Q

discus morphology of the bovine ovary

A

2 main structures:
- follicles (on whole surface, fluid filled at later stages)
- corpus luteum = solid tissue structures that can take up much of the ovary

germinal epithelium is in the cortex, medulla central with lymph and vasculature

most species have this morphology

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4
Q

discuss morpholigy of the equine ovary

A
  • have ovarian fossa with germinal epithelium - cortex is in this area only
  • vascular zone is peripheral
  • fossicles only rupture at ovarian fossa
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5
Q

list the layers of the uterine tube

A
  • serosa
  • muscularis (2 layers = circular and longitudianl) for peristaltic movement)
  • submucosa
  • mucosa
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6
Q

what are the 3 regions of the uterine tube

A
  1. infundibulum (covered with fimbriae = long finger like folds that captures oocyte)
  2. ampulla next to ovary
  3. isthmus next to uterus
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7
Q

what is the function of the uterine tube

A
  • sperm transport and storage
  • catching the oocyte
  • oocyte transport
  • environment for fertilisation
  • secretions initiate sperm capacitation and aids in fertilisation and early development
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8
Q

compare the uterine tube in the mare and the bitch

A

mare: undulating and wavy, ovarian bursa wide open
bitch: runs within bursa wall, high deposits of adipose tissue with mesosalphinx in bursa, curves abounr ovary, bursa closed except small opening

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9
Q

what is the structure of the walls of the uterus

A
  • endometrium (submucosa and mucosa)
  • myometrium (muscularis)
  • serosa (perimetrium)
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10
Q

what are the functions of the uterus

A
  • sperm transport/storage
  • production of prostaglandin F2a to control cyclical activity (except in bitch and primates)
  • environment for early embryo (via secretion of histotroph)
  • contribution to the placenta
  • partuition (mymetrium contractions)
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11
Q

what are the different tyes of uteri

A
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12
Q

outline some points of uterine morphology in the cow

A
  • uterine horns are curled back
  • uterine body is short
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13
Q

outline some points of uterine morphology in the sow

A
  • uterine horns are long and coiled in a caudal direction
  • very small uterine body
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14
Q

outline some points of uterine morphology in the mare

A
  • ovaries are sub lumbar and dorsal in position
  • uterine horns are straight and uterine body is long
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15
Q

outline some points of uterine morphology in the dog

A
  • ovaries are sub lumbar but mesovarium is short so position is dorsal
  • uterine horns are striaght and uterine body is short
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16
Q

discuss endometrium in the sow and mare compared to the cow and ewe

A
17
Q

which species have cervical rings

A

single: bitch and queen
multiple: cow, ewe, sow

18
Q

what is the function of the cervix

A
  • barrier for the uterus during pregnancy and other stages
  • varying level of patency during oestrus across species (sperm transport)
  • produces mucus during oestrus to lubricate vagina, flush foreign material and minimise introduction of microorganisms
  • under influence of pregnancy, prolonged progesterone = mucus becomes more viscous and glues folds together to form seal
19
Q

what are the functions of the vagina/vestibule

A
  • copulation
  • partuitiuon
  • micturition
20
Q

what is the fornix vagina

A

in the cow, mare and bitch the cervix protrudes into cranial vagina forming a crypt

21
Q

outline the segments of the vagina histologically

A
  • cranial vagina = closest to cervix with secretory epithelium
  • caudal vagina stratified squamous epithelium
  • vestibule = stratified squamous
22
Q

what are some relevent anatomical features of the vestibule

A
23
Q

explain how the anatomy of the vulva is unique in horses

A

clitoris under a trnasverse frenulum
clitoris surrounded by clitoral fossa
clitoral sinus can harbour pathogenic bacteria

24
Q

what are the functions of the broad ligament

A
  • supports and suspends the reproductive tract
  • houses vascular supply, lymphatic drainage and nerves
25
Q

what are the components of the broad ligament

A
  • Mesovarium: Houses blood and lymphatics supplying ovary
  • Mesosalpinx: Supports uterine tube and serves as bursa like pouch surrounding ovary
  • Mesometrium: Supports uterine horns and body of uterus
26
Q

what is the function of the suspensor ligament

A

tethers ovary to dorsal abdominal cavity

27
Q

what is the function of the proper ligament

A

connection between ovary and uterine tube

28
Q

where is the round ligament fount

A

runs caudal from the tip of the uterine horn to the inguinal canal to vulva
bitch: passes through inguinal canal and is homologous to the gubernaculum

29
Q

what is the function of the round ligament

A
  • runs with broad ligament, provides secondary support for uterus within pelvis
  • keeps uterus in anteverted position flexed forward over bladder
30
Q

what is the vascular supply to the female reproductive tract

A
  • uterine artery (from iliac artery) runs within broad ligament (not in cats and dogs)
  • ovarian artery (directly off aorta) supplies ovary and uterine branch supplies tip of uterine horn
  • vaginal artery (branch of internal iliac)
31
Q

in the mare, the uterine artery branches from

A

external iliac (unlike in cows where it branches from internal iliac)

32
Q

what is the innervation of the ovaries

A

sympathetic from mesenteric plexus

33
Q

what is the nervous supply to the uterus, cervix and vagina

A

parasympathetic and sympathetic from pelvic plexus

34
Q
A
35
Q
A

bitch - horns are Y shaped, long and each ends bluntly

36
Q

what species

A

mare - horns flattened T shape and ovarian and end rounded and blunt

37
Q
A

sow - extremely long horns loosely arranged in coild

38
Q
A

cow - see caruncles inside
horns curled caudally so that the ovary is close to body of uterus
horns taper into uterine tubes and are relatively long

39
Q
A

ewe - similar to cow, horns curled caudally so that ovary is close to body of uterus

URO 2 (106 decks)

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