2. not seen bulling SDL

Question 1

describe the 4 phases of the oestrus cycle of cows

Answer 1

1. pro-oestrus
2. oestrus
3. monoestrus
4. dioestrus

Question 2

how is oestrus behaviour hromonally controlled

Answer 2

• oestrogen is the primary hormone responsible for oestrus behaviour
• LH surge marks the end of the oestrus phase -> ovulation occurs and oestrogen levels begin to fall (monoestrus)
• high progesterone leads to dioestrus –> not interested in mating, no signs of oestrus

Question 3

what are the physiological changes that occur in the ovaries and uterus during the oestrus cycle

Answer 3

Question 4

what are the signs of oesturs in the cow

Answer 4

• stands to be mounted
• increased activity (restlessness)
• mounting others
• bellowing
• frequent urination
• sniffing and licking
• vulvar swelling
• clear mucus discharge
• tail lifting
• mild decrease in feed intake and milk production

Question 5

explain how and when a typical cow resumes cyclicity after calving

Answer 5

• uterus must first return to normal size (30-45 days post calving)
• hormones must return to normal cycle (will have high levels of progesterone until CL declines)
• first ovulation typically occurs 3-6 weeks postpartum

Question 6

what is the typical reproductive management of cows post partum

Answer 6

• ensure good BCS
• monitor for signs of oestrus
• nutrition management to prevent negative energy balance post calving
• monitor for disease and infection