nutrition for urinary disease SDL Flashcards
What are the nutritional differences of Renal diets compared to an ordinary feline or canine life stage diet? How does each feature or modification of the renal diet help in renal insufficiency?
- Reduced Protein to a moderate level of high biological and digestive amount. The overall protein level must remain at recommended levels of 22%.
- Supplementation of potassium to improve Hypokalaemia.
- Reduced Phosphorous to avoid Hyperphosphatemia.
- Added Vitamin D to aid in calcium absorption and prevent secondary hyperparathyroidism.
- Sometimes Oral Phosphate binders are needed also to help reduce elevated levels of phosphates in the blood.
- Reduced Sodium to try and help with Hypertension.
- Buffered to help with Ion losses in Polyuria.
- Added B vitamins to help with renal losses. Polyurea means that B vitamins are lost, and ions affect the water balance within the body.
- Increased Fat content to help with energy needs, Higher fat means less intake is needed to meet energy demand and avoid muscle mass breakdown.
- Animals with renal disease have lowered appetites so giving them smaller meals that are higher in calories means they get their daily requirements.
what is food aversion and how coudl we cause this in practice
Food aversion is a learned behaviour associated with a negative experience – such as gastrointestinal upset, illness, or pain – as well as stressful experiences (American Academy of Feline Physicians, 2004).
A common cause of food aversion in veterinary practice is the syringe feeding/force feeding of anorexic cats. This method of supportive feeding causes distress and food aversion, it also carries the risk of aspiration and delivers little of the animal’s resting energy requirement.
how could you support nutrition in a cat without force feeding and causing food aversion
We should seriously consider supportive enteral feeding in chronic anorexia. Chronic anorexia, dysrexia and hyporexia all cause decrease energy intake as well as nutritional disruption.
This can help avoid more problems such as cachexia and Hepatic lipidosis.
Naso Oesophageal tubes should be sufficient if no vomiting is present and only short-term support is needed.
Pharyngostomy tube can be considered as more long-term support and can be continued at home by an owner.
Gastrotomy feeding would be extreme but is a possibility and is also a long-term support for chronic nutritional support.
Liquid renal diets are now available to use for enteral feeding of both cats and dogs in renal failure.
What are key nutritional differences between a normal dog’s diet and a cat?
Cats need added Taurine and Arachidonic acid which must be obtained from Animal proteins.
Cat diets are higher in protein and fats all from an animal source. Cat diets are a higher calory density so lesser amounts can be fed to supply the needs of the cat.
what does oliguria mean
reduction in the daily production of urine
what does anuria mean
complete cessation of urine production
what does stranguria mean
passing urine is painful and uncomfortable
what does dysuria mean
passing urine is difficult and uncomfortable
what are these
struvite crystals
uric acid crystals are made up of what minerals
uric acid
where are uric acid stones likely to form
bladder
in order for uric acid crystals to form, urine should be acidic or alkaline
acidic
what breeds are predisposed to uric acid crystals
- dalmations
- bulldogs
ammonium urate crystals are made up of what minerals
ammonium and urate
ammonium urate stones are most likely to form in
bladder
