Urinary AgEdNet powerpoint

Question 1

Function of the Kidneys

Answer 1

eliminate the byproducts of metabolism through the urine

Question 2

Kidney location

Answer 2

• dorsal part of the abdomen
• on each side of the spine
• behind the peritoneum

Question 3

Peritoneum

Answer 3

the thin sheet of connective tissue that lines the abdominal cavity

Question 4

Structure of the Kidney

Answer 4

• reddish-brown
• bean shaped
• smooth
• contains renal artery and vein and ureter

Question 5

Ureter structure

Answer 5

• tubular structure
• walls of contractions

Question 6

Ureter function

Answer 6

Carries urine from the kidney to the bladder

• series of contraction push urine from kidney to bladder

Question 7

Peristalsis

Answer 7

Series of contractions push urine from kidney to bladder

Question 8

Bladder Structure

Answer 8

• hollow organ
• lined by epithelium
• wall contains smooth muslce that contract to empty urine
• can stretch to hold more urine

Question 9

Urethra function

Answer 9

carries urine to the outside of the body

Question 10

Urethra structure

Answer 10

• has muscular wall that helps control the flow of urine
• femal urethra shorter and more prone to bladder infection
• male urethra longer and more prone to obstruction from bladder stones

Question 11

Primary function of renal system

Answer 11

• To excrete nitrogen-containing wastes
• When proteins and amino acids are broken down – ammonia is formed (very toxic)
• Liver converts ammonia to urea (less toxic)

Question 12

How are stones formed?

Answer 12

• Nucleotides are broken down to uric acid.
• Excess uric acid can crystallize and form bladder stones.

Question 13

Stones treatment

Answer 13

• A special diet can limit amounts of uric acid.
• Medication can also help.

Question 14

How to kidneys regulate water balance

Answer 14

• Kidneys can conserve water when needed:
  
  • Limited water available to drink
  • Disease (vomiting or diarrhea)

Question 15

What is renal failure?

Answer 15

Kidneys fail to remove waste

• Electrolyte, pH and water regulation are not balanced
• Kidneys can no longer function normally

Question 16

What are symptoms of renal failure?

Answer 16

Weight loss

Poor appetite

Drinking more water

More urination

Lethargic

Vomiting/diarrhea

Question 17

What can be done for renal failure?

Answer 17

Old age – not much

Increase fluids

Restrict protein and phosphorus in diet

Kidney transplant expensive and not
commonly done