heart drugs Flashcards
Workload of the hear is divided into
preload and afterload
Preload
volume of blood entering the right side of the heart
Afterload
force needed to push blood out of the ventricles
•If the heart is not working properly, it can compensate by a few mechanisms:
–Increase heart rate
–Increase stroke volume
–Increase efficiency
–Enlarge itself
Positive inotropic drugs
increas the force of myocardial contration
Negative inotropic drugs
decrease the force of myocardial contration
Cardiac glycosides function
increase the strength of cardiac contractions, decrease heart rate, have an antiarrhythmic effect, and decrease signs of dyspnea
Positive inotropes side effects
anorexia
vomiting
diarrhea
cardiac arrhythmias
Catecholmines function
increase the force and rate of myocardial contraction, constrict peripheral blood vessels and increase blood glucose levels
Antiarrhythmic drugs function
Used to correct variation in the normal beating of the heart (which can lead to reduced cardiac output)
Vasodilators function
Drugs used to dilate arteries and/or veins, which alleviates vessel constriction and improves cardiac output
Diuretics function
Drugs that increase the volume of urine excreted by the kidneys and thus promote the release of water from the tissues (lowers the fluid volume in tissue)
Anticoagulants function
Inhibit clot formation by inactivating one or more clotting factors
–Used to inhibit clotting in catheters, to prevent blood samples from clotting, to preserve blood transfusions, and to treat emboli
Hemostatic drugs
–Help promote the clotting of blood
–May be parenteral or topical
Types of Parenteral Hemostatic drugs
Vitamin K1
Protamine sulfate
