Upper Limb Muscles Flashcards
Where does the pectoralis major muscle originate?
Anterior surface of medial 1/2 clavicle, anterior surface of sternum, costal cartilage of rib T1-T6 and anterior layer of rectus sheath
Where does Pectoralis major insert?
Lateral lip of intertubercular suculus of the humerus
What nerve innervates the pec major muscle?
Lateral pectoral nerve (C5-C7)
What movements are pec major involved in?
Adducts and medically rotates the shoulder - also accessory muscle for respiration
Where does pec minor originate?
Ribs T3-T5
Where does pec minor insert?
Coracoid process of the scapula
What nerve innervates the pec minor muscle?
Medial pectoral nerve (C8-T1)
What movement is pec minor involved in?
Draws scapula forward and down, assisting in protraction of the scapula - also accessory muscle for respiration
Where does serratus anterior originate?
Superolateral surfaces of ribs T1-T8/9 on lateral wall of the thorax
Where does the serratus anterior muscle insert?
Superior angle, medial border and inferior angle of the scapula
What nerve innervates the serratus anterior muscle?
Long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)
What movement is the serratus anterior involved in?
Protracts the scapula and rotates it upwards - also accessory muscle for respiration
Where does the trapezius muscle originate?
occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of vertebrae T1-T12
Where does the trapezius muscle insert?
Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula
What nerve innervates the trapezius muscle?
CN XI
What movement is the trapezius muscle involved in?
Elevates and depresses (shrugs), and retracts shoulders and scapula and internally rotates the arm - also accessory muscle for respiration
Where does latissimus dorsi originate?
Spinous process of T7-T12 and associated thoracolombar fascia, posterior 1/3 of iliac crest, ribs 9-12 and inferior angle of scapula
Where does latissimus dorsi insert?
Intertubercular suculus of the humerus between pectoralis major and teres major.
What nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle?
Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)
What movement is latissimus dorsi involved in?
Internally/medially rotates, adducts and extends shoulder and arm - also accessory muscle for respiration
Where does Levator scapulae originate?
Posterior tubercle of transverse process of vertebrae C1-C4
Where does the levator scapulae muscle insert?
Medial border of the scapula from superior angle to root of spine of the scapula
What nerve innervates the levator scapulae?
Cervical nerve (C3-C4) and dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
What movement is the levator scapulae involved in?
Lateral flexion of the neck (ear to shoulder) and assists in downward rotation of the scapula during addiction of the arm
Where does rhomboid major originate?
Spinous process of vertebrae T2-T5
Where does rhomboid major muscle insert?
Medial border of the scapula from inferior angle to the root of the spine of the scapula - inferior to rhomboid minor
What nerve innervates the rhomboid major muscle?
Dorsal scapula nerve (C4-C5)
What movement is rhomboid major involved in?
Retracts, elevates and downwardly rotates the scapula
Where does the rhomboid minor muscle originate?
Nuchal ligament and spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T1
Where does rhomboid minor insert?
Medial end of the root of the scapula
What nerve innervates rhomboid minor?
Dorsal scapula nerve (C4-C5)
What movement is the rhomboid minor muscle involved in?
Retracts, elevates and downwardly rotates the scapula
Where does the deltoid muscle originate?
Clavicle and acromion and spine of the scapula
Where does the deltoid muscle insert?
Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
What nerve innervates the deltoid muscle?
Axillary nerve (C5-C6’
What movement is the deltoid muscle involved in?
Abducts, flexes and extends the shoulder joint
Where does teres major originate?
Inferior angle and lower part of the lateral border of scapula
Where does the teres major muscle insert?
Intertubercular suculus on the anterior surface of the humerus posterior to pectoralis major and lat dorsi.
What nerve innervates teres major?
Primarily the lower subscapular nerve (C5-C7) and middle subscapular nerve/ thoracodorsal nerve.
What movement is teres major involved in?
Medially rotates and adducts the shoulder
Where does supraspinatus originate?
Suprapinous fossa of scapula
Where does supraspinatus insert?
Greater tubercle of the humerus
What never innervates supraspinatus?
Suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)
What movement is supraspinatus involved in?
Part of rotator cuff which rotates the shoulder laterally and medially
Where does infraspinatus originate?
Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Where does infraspinatus insert?
Greater tubercle of the humerus
What nerve innervates the infraspinatus?
Suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)
What movement is infraspinatus involved in?
Part of rotator cuff which rotates the shoulder laterally and medially
Where does teres minor originate?
Upper half of the lateral border of the scapula
Where does teres minor insert?
Greater tubercle of the humerus
What nerve innervates teres minor?
Axillary nerve (C5-C6)
What movement is teres minor involved in?
Part of rotator cuff which rotates the shoulder laterally and medially
What muscles make up the rotator cuff?
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
What are the two heads of biceps brachii?
Short
Long
Where does the short head of biceps brachii originate?
Coracoid process of the scapula?
Where does the short head of biceps brachii insert?
Radial tuberosity of the radius
Where does the long head of biceps brachii originate?
Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Where does the long head of biceps brachii insert?
Radial tuberosity of the radius
What nerve innervates the biceps brachii?
Musculotaneous nerve (C5-C6)
What movement is biceps brachii involved in?
Flexes elbow and shoulder
Where does brachialis originate?
Humeral shaft
Where does Brachialis insert?
Ulnar tuberosity of the ulna
What never innervates Brachialis?
Musculotaneous nerve (C5-C6) and radial nerve (C7)
What movement is Brachialis involved in?
Flexes the elbow ONLY
Where does Coracobrachialis originate?
Coracoid process of the scapula
Where does Coracobrachialis insert?
Medial surface of humeral shaft
What nerve innervates Coracobrachialis?
Musculotaneous nerve (C5-C6)
What movement is Coracobrachialis involved in?
Weakly flexes and adducts the shoulder
What are the three heads of triceps brachii called?
Long, lateral and medial
Where does the long head of triceps brachii originate?
Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Where does the long head of triceps brachii insert?
Olecranon of the ulna
What movement is the long head triceps brachii involved in?
Adduction and extension of the shoulder and elbow extension.
Where does the lateral head of triceps brachii originate?
The humeral shaft superiorly to the radial groove
Where does the lateral head of triceps brachii insert?
Olecranon of the ulna
Where does the medial head of triceps brachii originate?
The humeral shaft inferiorly to the radial groove
Where does the medial head of triceps brachii insert?
Olecranon of the ulna
What movement is the lateral and medial heads of triceps brachii involved in?
Extend the shoulder and elbow
What never supplied the three triceps brachii heads?
Radial nerve (C6-C8)
Where does the anconeus originate?
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Where does the Anconeus insert?
Lateral surface of the olceranon
What nerve innervates the Anconeus?
Radial nerve (C7-C8)
What movement is Anconeus involved in?
Extends forearm at elbow joint
What muscles make up the superficial muscle layer of the anterior compartment in the forearm?
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
Where does pronator teres originate?
Medial epicondyle of the humerus
Where does pronator teres insert?
Lateral surface of the radius - distal to the supinator
What nerve innervates pronator teres?
Median nerve
What movement is pronator teres involved in?
Pronation of the wrist
Where does flexor carpi radialis originate?
Medial epicondyle of the humerus
Where does flexor carpi radialis insert?
Metercarpal of 2nd digit
What nerve innervates flexor carpi radialis?
Median
What movement is flexor carpi radialis involved in?
Flexion of radial side of the wrist
Where does flexor carpi ulnaris originate?
Medial epicondyle of the humerus, olecranon and post. border of ulna
Where does flexor carpi ulnaris insert?
Pisiform, hamate and metacarpal of 5th digit
What nerve innervates flexor carpi ulnaris?
Ulnar nerve
What movement is flexor carpi ulnaris involved in?
Flexes the ulnar side of the wrist
Where does Palmaris longus originate?
Medial epicondyle of the humerus
Where does plamaris longus insert?
Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
What nerve innervates plamaris longus?
Median
What movement is Palmaris longus involved in?
Flexes wrist and small joints of the hand
What muscle is in the middle layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Where does flexor digitorum superficialis originate?
Medial epicondyle of the humerus, humeroulnar head, coronoid process and proximal half of the radius.
Where does flexor digitorum superficialis insert?
Intermediate phalanges of digits 2-5
What nerve innervates flexor digitorum superficialis?
Median
What movement is flexor digitorum superficialis involved in?
Flexes digits 2-5 at the proximal interpharangeal joints.
What muscles are in the deep muscle layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?
Flexor digitroum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus
Where does flexor digitorum profundus originate?
Superior 3/4 of anterior surface of ulna, the adjacent interosseous membrane, coronoid process and aperneirosis of the flexor carpi ulnaris.
Where does flexor digitorum profundus insert?
Distal phalanges of digits 2-5
What nerve innervates flexor digitorum profundus?
Digits 2,3 = anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve,
Digits 4,5 = ulnar nerve
What movement is flexor digitorum profundus involved in?
Flexes digits 2-5 at the distal interpharangeal joints
Where does flexor pollicis longus originate?
Middle of anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane
Where does flexor pollicis longus insert?
Distal phalanx of the thumb/1st digit
What nerve innervates flexor pollicis longus?
Anterior interosseous branch of median nerve
What movement is flexor pollicis longus involved in?
Flexes the distal interpharangeal joint in the thumb
Where does pronator quadratus originate?
Oblique ridge on anterior surface on distal 1/4 of the ulnar
Where does pronator quadratus insert?
Lateral border on anterior surface of the distal 1/4 of the radius
What nerve innervates pronator quadratus?
Anterior interosseous branch of median nerve
What movement is pronator quadratus involved in?
Pronates the forearm
What muscles are in the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Extensor carpi longus
Extensor carpi brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Brachioradialis
Where does extensor carpi longus originate?
Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus and anterior aspect of lateral intermuscular septum
Where does extensor carpi longus insert?
Metercarpal of 2nd digit
What nerve innervates extensor carpi longus?
Radial
What movement is extensor carpi longus involved in?
Extends and abducts the wrist and hand, used in fist clenching and elbow flexion
Where does extensor carpi brevis originate?
Lateral epicondyle
Where does extensor carpi brevis insert?
Metacarpal of 3rd digit
What nerve innervates extensor carpi brevis?
Deep branch of radial nerve
What movement is extensor carpi brevis involved in?
Extend and abduct the wrist and hand
Where does extensor carpi ulnaris originate?
Lateral epicondyle
Where does extensor carpi ulnaris insert?
Metercarpal of 5th digit
What never innervates extensor carpi ulnaris?
Posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve
What movement is extensor carpi ulnaris involved in?
Extend and abduct the wrist and hand
Where does extensor digitorum origante from?
Lateral epicondyle
Where does extensor digitorum insert?
Extensor expansions of digits 2-5
What nerve innervates extensor digitorum?
Posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve
What movement is extensor digitorum involved in?
Extension of digits 2-5 and the wrist
Where does extensor digiti minimi originate?
Lateral epicondyle
Where does extensor digiti minimi insert?
Extensor expansion of digit 5
What nerve innervates extensor digiti minimi?
Posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve
What movement is extensor digiti minimi involved in?
Extension of 5th digit and the wrist
Where does brachioradialis originate?
Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus and anterior aspect of lateral intermuscular septum
Where does brachioradialis insert?
Styloid process of the radius
What nerve innervates extensor digiti minimi?
Radial nerve
What movement is brachioradialis involved in?
Flexes the forearm at the elbow
What muscles are in the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm ?
Supinator
Extensor indicis
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis longus
Where does supinator muscle originate?
Supinator crest of the ulna, lateral epicondyle, radial collateral ligament and the annular radial ligament
Where does the supinator muscle insert?
The lateral, posterior and anterior surface of the radius
What nerve innervates the supinator muscle?
Posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve
What movement is supinator involved in?
Supination of the forearm
Where does extensor indicis originate?
Posterior 2/3 of distal surface of the ulna and the adjacent interosseous membrane
Where does extensor indicis insert?
Extensor expansion of 2nd digit
What nerve innervates extensor indicis?
Posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve
What movement is extensor indicis involved in?
Extension of the 2nd digit at the metacarpopharangeal and interpharangeal joints
Where does extensor pollicis longus originate?
Middle 1/3 of posterior surface of the ulna and adjacent interosseous membrane
Where does extensor pollicis longus insert?
Distal phalanx of the thumb at lister’s tubercle
What nerve innervates extensor pollicis longus?
Posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve
What movement is extensor pollicis longus involved in?
Extension of the1st digit/thumb at the metacarpopharangeal and interpharangeal joints
Where does extensor pollicis brevis originate?
Lower 1/3 of posterior surface of the radius and adjacent interosseous membrane
Where does extensor pollicis brevis insert?
Dorsal surface of base of proximal phalanx of the thumb
What nerve innervates extensor pollicis brevis?
Posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve
What movement is extensor pollicis brevis involved in?
Extension of the 1st digit/thumb at the metacarpopharangeal and carpometacarpal joints
Where does abductor pollicis longus originate?
Posterior surface of proximal 1/2 of radius, ulna and equivalent interosseous membrane.
Where does abductor pollicis longus insert?
Base of metecarpal of thumb/1st digit
What nerve innervates abductor pollicis longus?
Posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve
What movement is abductor pollicis longus involved in?
Abducts the thumb/moves it anteriorly at the carpometacarpal joint and assists thumb extension and rotation
What is the only muscle in the posterior hand (back of the hand)?
Dorsal interossi muscles
What four muscles in the hand act on the thumb?
Opponens pollicis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Adductor pollicis
What muscles make up the thenar eminence?
Opponens pollicis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Where does Opponens pollicis originate?
Trapezium and scaphoid carpal bomes
Where does opponens pollicis insert?
1st metacarpal
What movement is Opponens pollicis involved in?
Opposition of the thumb
Where does flexor pollicis brevis originate?
Trapezium and scaphoid carpal bomes
Where does flexor pollicis brevis insert?
Base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
What movement is flexor pollicis brevis involved in?
Flexion of the first digit aka thumb
Where does abductor pollicis brevis originate?
Trapezium and scaphoid carpal bomes
Where does abductor pollicis brevis insert?
Base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
What movement is abductor pollicis brevis involved in?
Abduction if the thumb
What nerve innervates the muscles of the thenar eminence?
Recurrent branch of the median nerve
Where does adductor pollicis originate?
3rd metacarpal and capitate bone
Where does adductor pollicis insert?
Base of proximal phalanx of the thumb
What nerve innervates adductor pollicis?
Deep branch of the ulnar nerve
What movement is adductor pollicis involved in?
Adduction of the thumb
What muscles make up the hypothenar eminence?
Opponens digiti minimi
Flexor digit minimi
Abductor digit minimi
What digit do the muscles of the hypothenar eminence affect?
5 only (pinkie)
Where does Opponens digiti minimi originate?
hamate and pisiform carpal bones
Where does opponens digit minimi insert?
5th metacarpal
What movement is Opponens digiti minimi involved in?
Opposition of 5th digit to the first
Where does flexor digiti minimi originate?
hamate and pisiform carpal bones
Where does flexor digiti minimi insert?
Base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
What movement is flexor digiti minimi involved in?
Flexes the 5th digit at the metacarpophalangeal joint
Where does abductor digiti minimi originate?
hamate and pisiform carpal bones
Where does abductor digiti minimi insert?
Base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
What movement is abductor digiti minimi involved in?
Abducts the 5th digit at the metacarpophalangeal joint
What nerve innervates the muscles of the hypothenar eminence?
Deep branch of the ulnar nerve
What digits do the lumbricals act on?
2-5
Where do the lumbricals originate?
tendons of the FDP
Where do the lumbricals insert?
Base of the proximal phalanges and extensor expansions of digits 2-5
What nerve innervates the lumbricals?
Digits 4&5 = ulnar nerve
Digits 2&3 = median nerve
(innervated by same nerve as corresponding FDP muscle tendon)
What movement are the lumbricals involved in?
Flexes the metacarpophalangeal joints and extends the proximal and distal phalangeal joints
What digits are affected by palmar interossi?
2-4
Where do the palmar interosseous muscles originate?
Metacarpals
Where do the palmar interosseous muscles insert?
Base of proximal phalanges and extensor expansions of digits 2,4 and 5
What nerve innervates the palmar interossi?
Deep branch of the ulnar nerve
What movement are the palmar interossi involved in?
Adducts digits 2&4 to the midline
contributes to flexion of digits 2,3 and 4 at the metacarpophalangeal joints and extension at the proximal and distal phalangeal joints.
What digits do the dorsal interosseous muscles act on?
2-4
Where do the dorsal interossi originate?
Metacarpals
Where do the dorsal interosseous muscles insert?
Base of proximal phalanges and extensor expansions of digits 2,3 and 4
What nerve innervates the dorsal interossi muscles?
Deep branch of the ulnar nerve
What movement are the dorsal interossi involved in?
Abduct and flex digits 2,3 and 4 at the metacarpophalangeal joints
assist with extension at the proximal and distal phalangeal joints.
