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Control & Movement > Upper Limb Muscles > Flashcards

Upper Limb Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the pectoralis major muscle originate?

A

Anterior surface of medial 1/2 clavicle, anterior surface of sternum, costal cartilage of rib T1-T6 and anterior layer of rectus sheath

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2
Q

Where does Pectoralis major insert?

A

Lateral lip of intertubercular suculus of the humerus

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3
Q

What nerve innervates the pec major muscle?

A

Lateral pectoral nerve (C5-C7)

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4
Q

What movements are pec major involved in?

A

Adducts and medically rotates the shoulder - also accessory muscle for respiration

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5
Q

Where does pec minor originate?

A

Ribs T3-T5

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6
Q

Where does pec minor insert?

A

Coracoid process of the scapula

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7
Q

What nerve innervates the pec minor muscle?

A

Medial pectoral nerve (C8-T1)

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8
Q

What movement is pec minor involved in?

A

Draws scapula forward and down, assisting in protraction of the scapula - also accessory muscle for respiration

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9
Q

Where does serratus anterior originate?

A

Superolateral surfaces of ribs T1-T8/9 on lateral wall of the thorax

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10
Q

Where does the serratus anterior muscle insert?

A

Superior angle, medial border and inferior angle of the scapula

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11
Q

What nerve innervates the serratus anterior muscle?

A

Long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)

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12
Q

What movement is the serratus anterior involved in?

A

Protracts the scapula and rotates it upwards - also accessory muscle for respiration

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13
Q

Where does the trapezius muscle originate?

A

occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of vertebrae T1-T12

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14
Q

Where does the trapezius muscle insert?

A

Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula

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15
Q

What nerve innervates the trapezius muscle?

A

CN XI

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16
Q

What movement is the trapezius muscle involved in?

A

Elevates and depresses (shrugs), and retracts shoulders and scapula and internally rotates the arm - also accessory muscle for respiration

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17
Q

Where does latissimus dorsi originate?

A

Spinous process of T7-T12 and associated thoracolombar fascia, posterior 1/3 of iliac crest, ribs 9-12 and inferior angle of scapula

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18
Q

Where does latissimus dorsi insert?

A

Intertubercular suculus of the humerus between pectoralis major and teres major.

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19
Q

What nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)

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20
Q

What movement is latissimus dorsi involved in?

A

Internally/medially rotates, adducts and extends shoulder and arm - also accessory muscle for respiration

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21
Q

Where does Levator scapulae originate?

A

Posterior tubercle of transverse process of vertebrae C1-C4

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22
Q

Where does the levator scapulae muscle insert?

A

Medial border of the scapula from superior angle to root of spine of the scapula

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23
Q

What nerve innervates the levator scapulae?

A

Cervical nerve (C3-C4) and dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

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24
Q

What movement is the levator scapulae involved in?

A

Lateral flexion of the neck (ear to shoulder) and assists in downward rotation of the scapula during addiction of the arm

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25
Q

Where does rhomboid major originate?

A

Spinous process of vertebrae T2-T5

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26
Q

Where does rhomboid major muscle insert?

A

Medial border of the scapula from inferior angle to the root of the spine of the scapula - inferior to rhomboid minor

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27
Q

What nerve innervates the rhomboid major muscle?

A

Dorsal scapula nerve (C4-C5)

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28
Q

What movement is rhomboid major involved in?

A

Retracts, elevates and downwardly rotates the scapula

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29
Q

Where does the rhomboid minor muscle originate?

A

Nuchal ligament and spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T1

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30
Q

Where does rhomboid minor insert?

A

Medial end of the root of the scapula

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31
Q

What nerve innervates rhomboid minor?

A

Dorsal scapula nerve (C4-C5)

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32
Q

What movement is the rhomboid minor muscle involved in?

A

Retracts, elevates and downwardly rotates the scapula

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33
Q

Where does the deltoid muscle originate?

A

Clavicle and acromion and spine of the scapula

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34
Q

Where does the deltoid muscle insert?

A

Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

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35
Q

What nerve innervates the deltoid muscle?

A

Axillary nerve (C5-C6’

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36
Q

What movement is the deltoid muscle involved in?

A

Abducts, flexes and extends the shoulder joint

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37
Q

Where does teres major originate?

A

Inferior angle and lower part of the lateral border of scapula

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38
Q

Where does the teres major muscle insert?

A

Intertubercular suculus on the anterior surface of the humerus posterior to pectoralis major and lat dorsi.

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39
Q

What nerve innervates teres major?

A

Primarily the lower subscapular nerve (C5-C7) and middle subscapular nerve/ thoracodorsal nerve.

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40
Q

What movement is teres major involved in?

A

Medially rotates and adducts the shoulder

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41
Q

Where does supraspinatus originate?

A

Suprapinous fossa of scapula

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42
Q

Where does supraspinatus insert?

A

Greater tubercle of the humerus

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43
Q

What never innervates supraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)

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44
Q

What movement is supraspinatus involved in?

A

Part of rotator cuff which rotates the shoulder laterally and medially

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45
Q

Where does infraspinatus originate?

A

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

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46
Q

Where does infraspinatus insert?

A

Greater tubercle of the humerus

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47
Q

What nerve innervates the infraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)

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48
Q

What movement is infraspinatus involved in?

A

Part of rotator cuff which rotates the shoulder laterally and medially

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49
Q

Where does teres minor originate?

A

Upper half of the lateral border of the scapula

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50
Q

Where does teres minor insert?

A

Greater tubercle of the humerus

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51
Q

What nerve innervates teres minor?

A

Axillary nerve (C5-C6)

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52
Q

What movement is teres minor involved in?

A

Part of rotator cuff which rotates the shoulder laterally and medially

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53
Q

What muscles make up the rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor

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54
Q

What are the two heads of biceps brachii?

A

Short
Long

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55
Q

Where does the short head of biceps brachii originate?

A

Coracoid process of the scapula?

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56
Q

Where does the short head of biceps brachii insert?

A

Radial tuberosity of the radius

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57
Q

Where does the long head of biceps brachii originate?

A

Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

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58
Q

Where does the long head of biceps brachii insert?

A

Radial tuberosity of the radius

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59
Q

What nerve innervates the biceps brachii?

A

Musculotaneous nerve (C5-C6)

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60
Q

What movement is biceps brachii involved in?

A

Flexes elbow and shoulder

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61
Q

Where does brachialis originate?

A

Humeral shaft

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62
Q

Where does Brachialis insert?

A

Ulnar tuberosity of the ulna

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63
Q

What never innervates Brachialis?

A

Musculotaneous nerve (C5-C6) and radial nerve (C7)

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64
Q

What movement is Brachialis involved in?

A

Flexes the elbow ONLY

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65
Q

Where does Coracobrachialis originate?

A

Coracoid process of the scapula

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66
Q

Where does Coracobrachialis insert?

A

Medial surface of humeral shaft

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67
Q

What nerve innervates Coracobrachialis?

A

Musculotaneous nerve (C5-C6)

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68
Q

What movement is Coracobrachialis involved in?

A

Weakly flexes and adducts the shoulder

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69
Q

What are the three heads of triceps brachii called?

A

Long, lateral and medial

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70
Q

Where does the long head of triceps brachii originate?

A

Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

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71
Q

Where does the long head of triceps brachii insert?

A

Olecranon of the ulna

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72
Q

What movement is the long head triceps brachii involved in?

A

Adduction and extension of the shoulder and elbow extension.

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73
Q

Where does the lateral head of triceps brachii originate?

A

The humeral shaft superiorly to the radial groove

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74
Q

Where does the lateral head of triceps brachii insert?

A

Olecranon of the ulna

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75
Q

Where does the medial head of triceps brachii originate?

A

The humeral shaft inferiorly to the radial groove

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76
Q

Where does the medial head of triceps brachii insert?

A

Olecranon of the ulna

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77
Q

What movement is the lateral and medial heads of triceps brachii involved in?

A

Extend the shoulder and elbow

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78
Q

What never supplied the three triceps brachii heads?

A

Radial nerve (C6-C8)

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79
Q

Where does the anconeus originate?

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

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80
Q

Where does the Anconeus insert?

A

Lateral surface of the olceranon

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81
Q

What nerve innervates the Anconeus?

A

Radial nerve (C7-C8)

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82
Q

What movement is Anconeus involved in?

A

Extends forearm at elbow joint

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83
Q

What muscles make up the superficial muscle layer of the anterior compartment in the forearm?

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus

84
Q

Where does pronator teres originate?

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

85
Q

Where does pronator teres insert?

A

Lateral surface of the radius - distal to the supinator

86
Q

What nerve innervates pronator teres?

A

Median nerve

87
Q

What movement is pronator teres involved in?

A

Pronation of the wrist

88
Q

Where does flexor carpi radialis originate?

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

89
Q

Where does flexor carpi radialis insert?

A

Metercarpal of 2nd digit

90
Q

What nerve innervates flexor carpi radialis?

A

Median

91
Q

What movement is flexor carpi radialis involved in?

A

Flexion of radial side of the wrist

92
Q

Where does flexor carpi ulnaris originate?

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus, olecranon and post. border of ulna

93
Q

Where does flexor carpi ulnaris insert?

A

Pisiform, hamate and metacarpal of 5th digit

94
Q

What nerve innervates flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Ulnar nerve

95
Q

What movement is flexor carpi ulnaris involved in?

A

Flexes the ulnar side of the wrist

96
Q

Where does Palmaris longus originate?

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

97
Q

Where does plamaris longus insert?

A

Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

98
Q

What nerve innervates plamaris longus?

A

Median

99
Q

What movement is Palmaris longus involved in?

A

Flexes wrist and small joints of the hand

100
Q

What muscle is in the middle layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

101
Q

Where does flexor digitorum superficialis originate?

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus, humeroulnar head, coronoid process and proximal half of the radius.

102
Q

Where does flexor digitorum superficialis insert?

A

Intermediate phalanges of digits 2-5

103
Q

What nerve innervates flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Median

104
Q

What movement is flexor digitorum superficialis involved in?

A

Flexes digits 2-5 at the proximal interpharangeal joints.

105
Q

What muscles are in the deep muscle layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Flexor digitroum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus

106
Q

Where does flexor digitorum profundus originate?

A

Superior 3/4 of anterior surface of ulna, the adjacent interosseous membrane, coronoid process and aperneirosis of the flexor carpi ulnaris.

107
Q

Where does flexor digitorum profundus insert?

A

Distal phalanges of digits 2-5

108
Q

What nerve innervates flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Digits 2,3 = anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve,
Digits 4,5 = ulnar nerve

109
Q

What movement is flexor digitorum profundus involved in?

A

Flexes digits 2-5 at the distal interpharangeal joints

110
Q

Where does flexor pollicis longus originate?

A

Middle of anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane

111
Q

Where does flexor pollicis longus insert?

A

Distal phalanx of the thumb/1st digit

112
Q

What nerve innervates flexor pollicis longus?

A

Anterior interosseous branch of median nerve

113
Q

What movement is flexor pollicis longus involved in?

A

Flexes the distal interpharangeal joint in the thumb

114
Q

Where does pronator quadratus originate?

A

Oblique ridge on anterior surface on distal 1/4 of the ulnar

115
Q

Where does pronator quadratus insert?

A

Lateral border on anterior surface of the distal 1/4 of the radius

116
Q

What nerve innervates pronator quadratus?

A

Anterior interosseous branch of median nerve

117
Q

What movement is pronator quadratus involved in?

A

Pronates the forearm

118
Q

What muscles are in the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Extensor carpi longus
Extensor carpi brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Brachioradialis

119
Q

Where does extensor carpi longus originate?

A

Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus and anterior aspect of lateral intermuscular septum

120
Q

Where does extensor carpi longus insert?

A

Metercarpal of 2nd digit

121
Q

What nerve innervates extensor carpi longus?

A

Radial

122
Q

What movement is extensor carpi longus involved in?

A

Extends and abducts the wrist and hand, used in fist clenching and elbow flexion

123
Q

Where does extensor carpi brevis originate?

A

Lateral epicondyle

124
Q

Where does extensor carpi brevis insert?

A

Metacarpal of 3rd digit

125
Q

What nerve innervates extensor carpi brevis?

A

Deep branch of radial nerve

126
Q

What movement is extensor carpi brevis involved in?

A

Extend and abduct the wrist and hand

127
Q

Where does extensor carpi ulnaris originate?

A

Lateral epicondyle

128
Q

Where does extensor carpi ulnaris insert?

A

Metercarpal of 5th digit

129
Q

What never innervates extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve

130
Q

What movement is extensor carpi ulnaris involved in?

A

Extend and abduct the wrist and hand

131
Q

Where does extensor digitorum origante from?

A

Lateral epicondyle

132
Q

Where does extensor digitorum insert?

A

Extensor expansions of digits 2-5

133
Q

What nerve innervates extensor digitorum?

A

Posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve

134
Q

What movement is extensor digitorum involved in?

A

Extension of digits 2-5 and the wrist

135
Q

Where does extensor digiti minimi originate?

A

Lateral epicondyle

136
Q

Where does extensor digiti minimi insert?

A

Extensor expansion of digit 5

137
Q

What nerve innervates extensor digiti minimi?

A

Posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve

138
Q

What movement is extensor digiti minimi involved in?

A

Extension of 5th digit and the wrist

139
Q

Where does brachioradialis originate?

A

Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus and anterior aspect of lateral intermuscular septum

140
Q

Where does brachioradialis insert?

A

Styloid process of the radius

141
Q

What nerve innervates extensor digiti minimi?

A

Radial nerve

142
Q

What movement is brachioradialis involved in?

A

Flexes the forearm at the elbow

143
Q

What muscles are in the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm ?

A

Supinator
Extensor indicis
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis longus

144
Q

Where does supinator muscle originate?

A

Supinator crest of the ulna, lateral epicondyle, radial collateral ligament and the annular radial ligament

145
Q

Where does the supinator muscle insert?

A

The lateral, posterior and anterior surface of the radius

146
Q

What nerve innervates the supinator muscle?

A

Posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve

147
Q

What movement is supinator involved in?

A

Supination of the forearm

148
Q

Where does extensor indicis originate?

A

Posterior 2/3 of distal surface of the ulna and the adjacent interosseous membrane

149
Q

Where does extensor indicis insert?

A

Extensor expansion of 2nd digit

150
Q

What nerve innervates extensor indicis?

A

Posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve

151
Q

What movement is extensor indicis involved in?

A

Extension of the 2nd digit at the metacarpopharangeal and interpharangeal joints

152
Q

Where does extensor pollicis longus originate?

A

Middle 1/3 of posterior surface of the ulna and adjacent interosseous membrane

153
Q

Where does extensor pollicis longus insert?

A

Distal phalanx of the thumb at lister’s tubercle

154
Q

What nerve innervates extensor pollicis longus?

A

Posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve

155
Q

What movement is extensor pollicis longus involved in?

A

Extension of the1st digit/thumb at the metacarpopharangeal and interpharangeal joints

156
Q

Where does extensor pollicis brevis originate?

A

Lower 1/3 of posterior surface of the radius and adjacent interosseous membrane

157
Q

Where does extensor pollicis brevis insert?

A

Dorsal surface of base of proximal phalanx of the thumb

158
Q

What nerve innervates extensor pollicis brevis?

A

Posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve

159
Q

What movement is extensor pollicis brevis involved in?

A

Extension of the 1st digit/thumb at the metacarpopharangeal and carpometacarpal joints

160
Q

Where does abductor pollicis longus originate?

A

Posterior surface of proximal 1/2 of radius, ulna and equivalent interosseous membrane.

161
Q

Where does abductor pollicis longus insert?

A

Base of metecarpal of thumb/1st digit

162
Q

What nerve innervates abductor pollicis longus?

A

Posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve

163
Q

What movement is abductor pollicis longus involved in?

A

Abducts the thumb/moves it anteriorly at the carpometacarpal joint and assists thumb extension and rotation

164
Q

What is the only muscle in the posterior hand (back of the hand)?

A

Dorsal interossi muscles

165
Q

What four muscles in the hand act on the thumb?

A

Opponens pollicis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Adductor pollicis

166
Q

What muscles make up the thenar eminence?

A

Opponens pollicis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis brevis

167
Q

Where does Opponens pollicis originate?

A

Trapezium and scaphoid carpal bomes

168
Q

Where does opponens pollicis insert?

A

1st metacarpal

169
Q

What movement is Opponens pollicis involved in?

A

Opposition of the thumb

170
Q

Where does flexor pollicis brevis originate?

A

Trapezium and scaphoid carpal bomes

171
Q

Where does flexor pollicis brevis insert?

A

Base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

172
Q

What movement is flexor pollicis brevis involved in?

A

Flexion of the first digit aka thumb

173
Q

Where does abductor pollicis brevis originate?

A

Trapezium and scaphoid carpal bomes

174
Q

Where does abductor pollicis brevis insert?

A

Base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

175
Q

What movement is abductor pollicis brevis involved in?

A

Abduction if the thumb

176
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of the thenar eminence?

A

Recurrent branch of the median nerve

177
Q

Where does adductor pollicis originate?

A

3rd metacarpal and capitate bone

178
Q

Where does adductor pollicis insert?

A

Base of proximal phalanx of the thumb

179
Q

What nerve innervates adductor pollicis?

A

Deep branch of the ulnar nerve

180
Q

What movement is adductor pollicis involved in?

A

Adduction of the thumb

181
Q

What muscles make up the hypothenar eminence?

A

Opponens digiti minimi
Flexor digit minimi
Abductor digit minimi

182
Q

What digit do the muscles of the hypothenar eminence affect?

A

5 only (pinkie)

183
Q

Where does Opponens digiti minimi originate?

A

hamate and pisiform carpal bones

184
Q

Where does opponens digit minimi insert?

A

5th metacarpal

185
Q

What movement is Opponens digiti minimi involved in?

A

Opposition of 5th digit to the first

186
Q

Where does flexor digiti minimi originate?

A

hamate and pisiform carpal bones

187
Q

Where does flexor digiti minimi insert?

A

Base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

188
Q

What movement is flexor digiti minimi involved in?

A

Flexes the 5th digit at the metacarpophalangeal joint

189
Q

Where does abductor digiti minimi originate?

A

hamate and pisiform carpal bones

190
Q

Where does abductor digiti minimi insert?

A

Base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

191
Q

What movement is abductor digiti minimi involved in?

A

Abducts the 5th digit at the metacarpophalangeal joint

192
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of the hypothenar eminence?

A

Deep branch of the ulnar nerve

193
Q

What digits do the lumbricals act on?

A

2-5

194
Q

Where do the lumbricals originate?

A

tendons of the FDP

195
Q

Where do the lumbricals insert?

A

Base of the proximal phalanges and extensor expansions of digits 2-5

196
Q

What nerve innervates the lumbricals?

A

Digits 4&5 = ulnar nerve
Digits 2&3 = median nerve

(innervated by same nerve as corresponding FDP muscle tendon)

197
Q

What movement are the lumbricals involved in?

A

Flexes the metacarpophalangeal joints and extends the proximal and distal phalangeal joints

198
Q

What digits are affected by palmar interossi?

A

2-4

199
Q

Where do the palmar interosseous muscles originate?

A

Metacarpals

200
Q

Where do the palmar interosseous muscles insert?

A

Base of proximal phalanges and extensor expansions of digits 2,4 and 5

201
Q

What nerve innervates the palmar interossi?

A

Deep branch of the ulnar nerve

202
Q

What movement are the palmar interossi involved in?

A

Adducts digits 2&4 to the midline
contributes to flexion of digits 2,3 and 4 at the metacarpophalangeal joints and extension at the proximal and distal phalangeal joints.

203
Q

What digits do the dorsal interosseous muscles act on?

A

2-4

204
Q

Where do the dorsal interossi originate?

A

Metacarpals

205
Q

Where do the dorsal interosseous muscles insert?

A

Base of proximal phalanges and extensor expansions of digits 2,3 and 4

206
Q

What nerve innervates the dorsal interossi muscles?

A

Deep branch of the ulnar nerve

207
Q

What movement are the dorsal interossi involved in?

A

Abduct and flex digits 2,3 and 4 at the metacarpophalangeal joints
assist with extension at the proximal and distal phalangeal joints.

Control & Movement (36 decks)

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