Control L10 spinal cord and spinal nerves

Question 1

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

Answer 1

7

Question 2

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

Answer 2

12

Question 3

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

Answer 3

5

Question 4

How many vertebrae are there in the sacrum?

Answer 4

5 - fused

Question 5

How many vertebrae are in the coccyx?

Answer 5

3-4 - fused

Question 6

What is the role of the vertebral column?

Answer 6

Contains and protects the spinal cord and beginning of spinal nerves

Question 7

What part of the brain is the spinal cord continuous with?

Answer 7

The medulla oblongata

Question 8

At what vertebral level does the spinal cord terminate?

Answer 8

LI-L2

Question 9

What does the spinal cord terminate as?

Answer 9

Conus medillaris leading into the cauda equina and filum terminale

Question 10

What foramina of the brain does the spinal cord pass through?

Answer 10

Foramen magnum

Question 11

How many spinal nerves segments/pairs are there?

Answer 11

31 = 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral + 1 coccygeal

Question 12

At what vertebral level is the lumbar cistern?

Answer 12

Below LI/L2

Question 13

What nerves are involved in the lumbrosacral enlargement?

Answer 13

The lumbrosacral plexus = L1-S4

Question 14

What nerves are involved in the cervical enlargement?

Answer 14

The brachial plexus = C4-T1 (C4 not in brachial plexus)

Question 15

What nerves make up the cauda equina?

Answer 15

Dorsal and ventral roots of lower lumbar, sacral and coccygeal spinal nerves.

Question 16

Where do the spinal nerves leave the spinal cord in relation to the equivalent vertebrae?

Answer 16

C1-C7 leave above corresponding vertebrae (I.e C1 nerve leaves above C1 vertebrae)
C8 leaves above vertebrae T1
T1-Coccygeal nerve leave below corresponding vertebrae (i.e. T3 leaves below T3 vertebrae)

Question 17

What is the epineurium?

Answer 17

a protective outer sheath of connective tissue which surround each spinal nerve as they leave the vertebral canal (part of the meningeal coverings of the spinal cord)

Question 18

What ligaments are found in the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord?

Answer 18

Denticulate ligaments

Question 19

How does the spinal dura differ from the cranial dura?

Answer 19

Only has one layer of dura mater - the meningeal layer - in the spinal cord (compared to 2 surrounding the brain)
Spine has real epidural space where as only potential epidural space in the cranial cavity.
The periosteum layer forms the part of the dura mater around the brain but only surround the vertebrae in enrage column - not the spinal cord.

Question 20

Why is there disparity between where the spinal roots emerge from the spinal cord and where they emerge between the vertebrae?

Answer 20

As during the development the ducal sac grows with along the vertebrae not the spinal cord.

Question 21

Why is the cauda equina not usually damage by lumbar puncture?

Answer 21

As the nerve roots can move out of the way when the needle is inserted

Question 22

At what vertebral level is epidural anaesthesia usually administered?

Answer 22

Between L2 and L3 or at the sacral hiatus

Question 23

At what vertebral level is a lumbar puncture usually taken?

Answer 23

Between vertebrae L3 and L4 or L4 and L5

Question 24

What is the role of ligamentum flavour?

Answer 24

To connect the lamina of adjacent vertebrae

Question 25

What arteries run in the posterior lateral sulci of the spinal cord?

Answer 25

The posterior spinal arteries

Question 26

What artery runs in the anterior median fissure of the spinal cord?

Answer 26

Anterior spinal artery

Question 27

What artery supplying the spinal cord arises from the aorta?

Answer 27

The segmental spinal arteries

Question 28

What arteries supplying the spinal cord arise from the segmental arteries?

Answer 28

The medullary artery
The anterior and posterior radicular arteries

Question 29

What arteries supply the spinal cord?

Answer 29

Anterior spinal artery
Posterior spinal arteries
Medullary arteries
Segmental arteries
Anterior and posterior radicular arteries

Question 30

How many spinal nerves arise from each spinal level?

Answer 30

2 = 1pair

Question 31

How do spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord?

Answer 31

Ventral rootlets arise from the anterior lateral sulcus and form the ventral root
Dorsal rootlets arise from the posterior lateral sulcus and form the dorsal root and ganglion
The ventral root and dorsal root converge to form the segmental spinal nerve

Question 32

What fibres travel through the dorsal root and ganglion?

Answer 32

Afferent somatic and visceral sensory fibres

Question 33

What fibres travel in the ventral root?

Answer 33

Efferent somatic and visceral motor fibres

Question 34

In what spinal segments of the spinal cord is there a lateral grey horn?

Answer 34

T1-L2 and S2-S4

Question 35

How does the amount of white matter change as you ascend in the cord?

Answer 35

White matter increases as you ascend the cord

Question 36

Where are the ventral grey horns in the spinal cord enlarged?

Answer 36

Where motor fibres to limbs arise I.e. at the cervical and lumbrosacral enlargements

Question 37

At what point does the cuneate fascicles appear?

Answer 37

At T6 and above

Question 38

What regions is grey matter in the spinal cord divided into?

Answer 38

Rexed’s laminae