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Control & Movement > Control L14 autonomic nervous system > Flashcards

Control L14 autonomic nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two parts of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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2
Q

What is the role of the somatic division of the nervous system?

A

Connect us to our external environment via senses and to initiate muscle movement

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3
Q

What is the role of the autonomic nervous system?

A

control of internal activities of organs and glands which are largely involuntary and homeostasis

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4
Q

What part of the brain influences the autonomic nervous system rostrally?

A

Hypothalamus

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5
Q

What is the difference between parasympathetic and sympathetic activity?

A

Parasympathetic is rest and digest and sympathetic is fight or flight

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6
Q

What fibres make up the autonomic nervous system?

A

Visceral motor
Visceral sensory

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7
Q

What is the role of visceral motor fibres?

A

Efferent fibres to communicate between the nervous system and smooth muscle, cardiac muscle or glands

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8
Q

What is the role of visceral sensory fibres?

A

Afferent fibres to connect the nervous system to sensory receptors in an internal organ

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9
Q

What segmental spinal and cranial nerves are autonomic fibres found in?

A

Segmental Spinal = T1-L2 and S2-S4
Cranial = III, VII, IX and X

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10
Q

Where do visceral efferent motor fibres exit the spinal cord?

A

Lateral grey horn

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11
Q

Where do visceral afferent sensory fibres enter the spinal cord?

A

Dorsal root of spinal nerve (follow somatosensory afferent nerve fibres)

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12
Q

Which nerve fibres are responsible about referred pain?

A

Autonomic afferent fibres

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13
Q

What is referred pain?

A

When pain sensations from visceral organs are perceived as pain from regions of the body surface that are innervated by the same spinal nerves

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14
Q

How/why do we get referred pain according to one theory?

A

As somatosensory and visceral sensory afferent fibres use the same pathway to enter the CNS so the brain interprets the pain as coming from the respective skin region

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15
Q

How many neurones are involved in the autonomic visceral efferent pathway?

A

2

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16
Q

Where is the cell body in the pre ganglionic and post ganglionic neurones of visceral efferent fibres?

A

Pre ganglionic = cell body in brain stem or spinal cord
Post-ganglionic = cell body in pns at point of synapse with the pre ganglionic neurone

17
Q

What is the cell body of the post ganglionic neurone in the visceral effect pathway known as?

A

Autonomic ganglion

18
Q

What keeps the antagonistic effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions balanced?

A

Homeostasis

19
Q

What is the sympathetic autonomic nervous system like anatomically?

A

Has thoracolumbar outflow from spinal nerves T1-L2.
Has its autonomic ganglia organised into sympathetic chains and prevertebral ganglia

20
Q

What is the effect of the sympathetic autonomic nervous system compared to the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic has a widespread effects so one nerve impulse can affect multiple organs at once where as parasympathetic has a localised effect so each organ tends to need separate innervation.

21
Q

What is the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system like anatomically?

A

Has craniosacral outflow from brainstem in CN III, VII, IX and X and spinal nerves S2-S4
Ganglia are found near effector organ.

22
Q

What is the origin of parasympathetic nerves described as?

A

Cranio-sacral origin

23
Q

What neurotransmitter is secreted by the pre ganglionic and post ganglionic neurones at the synapses within the parasympathetic division?

A

Acetylcholine

24
Q

How are the axons of the post ganglion described compared to the axons of the pre ganglionic neurones?

A

Pre ganglionic = long axons
Post ganglion = short axons (as autonomic ganglion is near the effector)

25
Q

Where do the parasympathetic fibres from the brainstem control?

A

CN III = pupil
CN VII = some salivary and the lacrimal glands
CN IX = parotid salivary gland
CN X = pulmonary, cardiac an digestive systems/viscera

26
Q

How do parasympathetic fibres of CN III affect the pupil?

A

Pupil constrict

27
Q

How do parasympathetic fibres of CN XII affect the salivary and lacrimal glands?

A

Increase salivation and tear production

28
Q

How do parasympathetic fibres of CN IX affect the parotid salivary gland?

A

Increase salivation

29
Q

How do parasympathetic fibres of CN X affect HR, digestion and RR?

A

Decrease HR, constriction bronchi and decrease RR, increase digestion

Control & Movement (36 decks)

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