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Control & Movement > Control L1 Intro to brain > Flashcards

Control L1 Intro to brain Flashcards

1
Q

What are 4 core functions of nervous system?

A
  1. Monitors internal and external stimuli
  2. Responds to stimuli
  3. Regulating activity of organs and our level of awareness of them
  4. Higher level functions e.g. personality, memory and emotion, learning and consciousness
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2
Q

What is the most basic functional unit of the nervous system?

A

neurones

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3
Q

How do neurones convey information?

A

electrical signals

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4
Q

What is the function of afferent neurones?

A

carry info from receptors to CNS

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5
Q

What is the function of efferent neurones?

A

carry info from CNS to peripheral effectors

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6
Q

What is the function of interneurons?

A

link afferent and efferent neurones to the CNS

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7
Q

What direction do electrical impulses travel through the neuron?

A

Away from cell body, through axon towards synapse and then to next cell’s dendrites on their cell body.

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8
Q

What is the difference between a squid’s axon and a rabbit’s nerve?

A

A squid only has one axon per nerve with no myelin sheath where as nerves in a rabbit are made up of multiple acorns each with a myelin sheath.

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9
Q

What fatty insulator surrounds most of the axons I’m the body?

A

myelin sheath

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10
Q

Give an example of a structure which has small axons wrapped in myelin sheaths?

A

Vertebrae

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11
Q

What is a bipolar neuron?

A

has two axons - one from dendrites to the cell body and the other from the cell body to the synapse

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12
Q

Where are bipolar neurones found?

A

Ear for hearing and other sensory functions

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13
Q

What are multipolar neurones?

A

Motor neurones (usually) where dendrites attached to cell body and has one axon away from cell body towards the synapse

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14
Q

What are pseudo-unipolar neurones?

A

Has two axons, peripheral and central allowing electrical signal to skip past the cell body.

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15
Q

What makes up the central Nerva system?

A

brain and spinal cord

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16
Q

What are peripheral nerves split into?

A

Somatic and autonomic

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17
Q

What is the function of somatic nerves?

A

Control external actions of skin and muscles

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18
Q

What can autonomic nerves be split into?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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19
Q

What is the function of autonomic nerves?

A

Controls internal environment e.g. activities of organs and glands - unconscious functions

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20
Q

What is the difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves?

A

Sympathetic are arousing nerves and parasympathetic are calming nerves.

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21
Q

What area of the brain is classed as dorsal? (in terms of a clock)

A

From 10 to 5 (clockwise)

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22
Q

What area of the brain is the ventral brain? (In terms of a clock)

A

From 5 to 10 (clockwise)

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23
Q

What is the caudal brain?

A

The posterior brain

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24
Q

What is the rostral brain?

A

The anterior brain

25
Q

What part of the brain is known as the forebrain?

A

The cerebrum

26
Q

What are the two parts of the cerebrum?

A

The outer brain aka the telencephalon
The inner brain aka the diencephalon

27
Q

What makes up the brain stem?

A

The midbrain, pons, medulla and oblongata

28
Q

What are the 6/7 main subdivisions of the CNS?

A
  1. The cerebral hemispheres
  2. The diencephalon
  3. The midbrain
  4. The spinal cord
  5. The medulla
    6/6&7 (depending on text book) pons and cerebellum
29
Q

What part of the brain does the spinal cord connect to?

A

The medulla

30
Q

What is the function of the corpus callosum?

A

The connect the two halves of the brain allowing them to communicate with eachother

31
Q

What is the Space between pons and cerebellum called?

A

The fourth ventricle

32
Q

What is the most visible external feature of the human brain?

A

The cerebrum

33
Q

What separates the two hemispheres of the brain?

A

The longitudinal fissure

34
Q

What is the name for the elevated ridges on the brain?

A

Gyri (gyrus singular)

35
Q

What is the name of the grooves on the brain?

A

Sulci (sulcus singular)

36
Q

What matter makes up the cerebrum structures?

A

Depp grey and white matter

37
Q

What makes up the corpus callosum?

A

Lots of white matter (myelinated) axons

38
Q

Why is the cerebral cortex heavily folded?

A

To increase surface area

39
Q

What makes up grey matter?

A

Nerve cell bodies

40
Q

What makes up white matter?

A

Nerve axons

41
Q

What matter is the basal ganglia (and associated structures)?

A

Grey matter

42
Q

Where is the basal ganglia?

A

deep in the cerebral hemisphere

43
Q

What is the surface of the cerebral hemispheres known as?

A

The cerebral cortex

44
Q

What is a smooth brain called?

A

Lissencephaly

45
Q

What divides the cerebral hemispheres into lobes?

A

Sulci

46
Q

What are 3 sulci which separate the lobes of the cerebrum?

A

Central sulcus, the lateral sulcus, the parietal-occipital sulcus

47
Q

What are the 4 lobes of cerebrum?

A

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

48
Q

What lobes does the central sulcus separate?

A

Frontal and parietal

49
Q

What lobes does the lateral sulcus separate?

A

The frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe

50
Q

What lobes does the parieto occipital sulcus separate?

A

The occipital lobe from the parietal lobe

51
Q

What gyrus are rostral to the central sulcus?

A

Precentral gyrus

52
Q

What is the function of the precentral gyrus?

A

Acts as the motor cortex

53
Q

What gyri are caudal to the central sulcus?

A

Postcentral gyrus

54
Q

What is the function of the postcentral gyrus?

A

Acts as the somatosensory cortex

55
Q

What two structures are deep grey matters of the cerebral hemispheres?

A

Basal ganglia and lymbic structures

56
Q

What makes up the diencephalon?

A

The thalamus and the hypothalamus

57
Q

What is the function of the thalamus?

A

Relay info between the brain stem, spinal cord and cerebral cortex

58
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

A

Control the autonomic nervous system

59
Q

What view allows you to see the hypothalamus and some cranial nerves?

A

The inferior/ventral surface

Control & Movement (36 decks)

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