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Control & Movement > Control L2 the Skull > Flashcards

Control L2 the Skull Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are there in the skull?

A

22

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2
Q

What connects all but 1 bone in the skull?

A

Fibrous sutures

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3
Q

What bone is not connected by fibrous sutures?

A

Mandible with temporal bone at temporomandibular joint

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4
Q

What bone overlies the frontal lobe anteriorly?

A

Frontal bone

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5
Q

What are the 12 different bones of the skull seen from a frontal view?

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Temporal
  4. Sphenoid
  5. Ethmoid
  6. Lacrimal
  7. Zygomatic
  8. Maxilla
  9. Nasal
  10. Vomer
  11. Inferior nasal concha
  12. Mandible
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6
Q

What bones seen from the frontal view of the skull are singular instead of paired? (5 out of 12)

A
  1. Frontal bone
  2. Sphenoid bone
  3. Ethmoid bone
  4. Vomer bone
  5. Mandible
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7
Q

What suture connects the frontal bone to the parietal bones?

A

Coronal suture

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8
Q

What suture connects the two parietal bones?

A

the sagittal suture

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9
Q

What bones make up the orbital cavity?

A

Posterior/ventral = sphenoid bone
Superior/dorsal = frontal bone
Lateral = zygomatic bones
Medial = ethmoid, lacrimal and maxilla bones

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10
Q

What bones are found in the nasal cavity?

A

Ethmoid bone, vomer bone and the inferior nasal concha bones.

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11
Q

Which bones of the skull have paired paranasal sinuses? (4)

A
  1. Frontal bone
  2. Ethmoid bone
  3. Sphenoid bone
  4. Maxillary bones
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12
Q

What is the role of the paranasal sinuses?

A
  1. Lighten the weight of the skull
  2. Filter and humidify air
  3. Resonate voice
  4. Drain liquid into meatuses
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13
Q

Which concha are formed by the ethmoid bone?

A

Superior and middle concha

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14
Q

What bone forms the inferior concha?

A

Vomer bone

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15
Q

Which paranasal sinuses drain into the superior meatus?

A

Sphenoid and ethmoid

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16
Q

Which paranasal sinuses drain into the middle meatus?

A

Maxillary and frontal

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17
Q

What is the inferior meatus also known as? What does it drain?

A

Nasal lacrimal duct - brings tears from when we cry into the nasal cavity.

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18
Q

Which bone does the pituitary gland sit on?

A

Sphenoid bone

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19
Q

What is the posterior projection on the temporal bone called?

A

The mastoid process

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20
Q

What is the name of the pointy projection of the temporal bone (anterior to the mastoid process)?

A

The styloid process

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21
Q

What is the hole in the temporal bone called?

A

External acoustic/auditory canal or also called external auditory meatus

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22
Q

What bone connects the middle ear and external ear?

A

Temporal bone via the external acoustic canal

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23
Q

What membrane covers the external acoustic canal? What is it better known as?

A

A tympanic membrane also called the ear drum

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24
Q

What is the name of the process on the temporal bone that connects to the zygomatic bone?

A

The zygomatic process of the temporal bone

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25
Q

What muscles attaches onto the zygomatic process of the temporal bone?

A

The masseter muscles

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26
Q

What areas of the temporal bone are important sites of muscle attachment?

A

The styloid process, the mastoid process and the zygomatic process.

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27
Q

Where does the temporal bone articulate with the mandible?

A

At the temporomandibular joint in the mandible fossa of the temporal bone.

28
Q

What part of the mandible articulates at the temporomandibular joint?

A

Condyle of the mandible.

29
Q

What part of the mandible sits posterior to the zygomatic bone?

A

The coronoid process of the mandible

30
Q

What parts of the mandible are key for attachment of the muscles of mastication?

A

The coronoid process, the mandible angle and the mandible ramus.

31
Q

What bones form the pterion?

A

The frontal, sphenoid, temporal and parietal bones.

32
Q

What is the pterion commonly known as?

A

The temple

33
Q

What skull bone is most caudal/posterior on the skull?

A

The occipital bone

34
Q

What suture connects the occipital bone to the parietal bones?

A

The lambdoid suture

35
Q

What are the two inferior protrusions of the occipital bone called?

A

occipital condyles

36
Q

What bones does the first vertebrae articulate with at the skull?

A

The occipital bone via the occipital condyles.

37
Q

What artery lies below the thin pterion region of the skull?

A

The middle meningeal artery and its branches

38
Q

Why is a fracture to the pterion so dangerous?

A

Because the middle meningeal artery and it’s branches lie just below the skull here (so close they leave imprints on the skull internally) so a fracture/injury can lead to an extradural hematoma or haemorrhage causing pressure to increase inside the brain.

39
Q

How does the skull of a newborn differ from an adult skull?

A
  1. The bones have yet to fuse/form sutures so have spaces between known as fontanelles
  2. the mandible is not fully developed hence preventing the newborn from being able to chew
  3. The external acoustic canal is shorter increasing susceptibility to ear infections
  4. Underdeveloped mastoid process
40
Q

Why is the skull of a newborn not fully fused?

A
  1. For childbirth - easier to get skull out
  2. To allow development of the brain and postnatal brain growth
41
Q

How does the mastoid process develop?

A

As the baby starts to hold their own neck up, the masseter muscles put physical pressure on the starts of the process initiating bone growth.

42
Q

What structure separates the anterior cranial fossa from the middle cranial fossa?

A

The sphenoid ridges

43
Q

What part of the brain sits in the anterior cranial fossa?

A

The frontal lobe

44
Q

What part of the brain sits in the middle cranial fossa?

A

The temporal lobes

45
Q

What structure separates the middle cranial fossa from the posterior cranial fossa?

A

The clivus and petrous crest of the temporal bone

46
Q

What is the external flat aspect of the temporal bone called?

A

The squamous part of the temporal bone

47
Q

Which side of the temporal bone is smooth and which is rough? (Internal/external)

A

External = smooth
Internal = rough

48
Q

What part of the brain sits in the posterior cranial fossa?

A

The cerebellum and the brain stem

49
Q

What part of the ethmoid bone can be seen within the anterior cranial fossa?

A

The crista galli and the cribriform plate

50
Q

What is the function of the holes/foramen in the cribriform plate?

A

Allow passage of cranial nerves number 1 aka olfactory nerve(s)

51
Q

What are the two foramen in the sphenoid bone (medial to the sphenoid ridges) called? What travels through them?

A

Optic canals

Optic nerve aka cranial nerves 2

52
Q

What are the elongated fissures in the middle cranial fossa on the ventral aspect of the sphenoid ridges called? What travels through them?

A

Superior orbital fissure

Cranial nerve III, IV , V1 and VI

53
Q

What are the names of the three foramen known as ROS in the medial cranial fossa? What travels through them?

A
  1. Foramen Rotundum
  2. Foramen Ovalae
  3. Foramen Spinosum

R = CN V2 aka maxillary branch of the trigemnial nerve
O = CN V3 aka mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
S = middle meningeal artery

54
Q

What lacerated/ irregularly shaped foramen is medial to the ROS foramen in the medial cranial fossa?

A

Foramen lacerum

55
Q

What covers the foramen lacerum?

A

A layer of cartilage

56
Q

What foramen is found on the internal aspect of the peterous temporal bone? What travels through them?

A

internal auditory canal/meatus

CN VII and VIII

57
Q

What is the foramen between the peterous temporal bone and the occipital bone called? What travels through them?

A

the jugular foramen

The internal jugular vein and cranial nerve IX, X and XI

58
Q

What is the large foramen in the occipital bone called? What travels through them?

A

Foramen magnum

The spinal cord

59
Q

What is the foramen on the occipital condyles called? What travels through them?

A

Hypoglossal canal

Cranial nerve XII

60
Q

What is the groove in the centre of the sphenoid bone called where the pituitary gland sits?

A

Pituitary fossa

61
Q

Which part of what skull bones forms part of the hard palate?

A

The horizontal process of the maxilla, the perpendicular plate of the palatine bones

62
Q

What shape are the palatine bones?

63
Q

What part of the sphenoid bone connects it to the palatine, maxilla and mandible bones?

A

The medial pterygoid plate on each side of the nasal cavity

64
Q

What structure of the sphenoid bone is perpendicular to the medial pterygoid plate?

A

The lateral pterygoid plate

65
Q

Which foramen of the sphenoid cannot be seen from the base of the skull?

A

Foramen rotundum

66
Q

What foramen is found between the styloid and mastoid processes? What travels through them?

A

Stylomastoid foramen

The facial canal for the exit of the facial nerve and entry of the stylomastoid artery.

67
Q

What canal travels through the foramen in the base of the skull that can be seen medially from the stylomastoid foramen? What travels through it?

A

The carotid canal

Entry of internal carotid artery

Control & Movement (36 decks)

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