Control L5 blood supply Flashcards
What are the most common pathologies affecting the cerebrum?
Vascular lesions e.g. TIA and stroke
Tumours
Abscess
Hydrocephalus
When is a stroke classed as a TIA?
When the vascular deficit lasts less than 24 hours
What are the two main arteries supplying the brain?
The vertebral artery and internal carotid artery
What do the vertebral arteries fuse to become once in the brain?
The basilar artery
Where does the vertebral artery arise from?
The subclavian artery
What arteries supply the CNS from the vertebral arteries?
Anterior (x1) and posterior (x2) spinal arteries
PICA (posterior inferior cerebella artery)
Basilar artery
What arteries supply the brain from the basilar artery?
AICA (anterior inferior cerebella artery)
(Transverse) Pontine arteries
SCA (superior cerebella artery)
PCA (posterior cerebral arteries)
What arteries supply the CNS from the internal carotid artery?
MCA (middle cerebral artery)
ACA (anterior cerebral artery)
What anastomoses connects the internal carotid arterial system and the vertebrobasillic arterial systems?
Arterial anastomotic circle aka the circle of Willis
What are two of the anastomoses on the circl of Willis?
The anterior and posterior communicating arteries
What is an advantage of the circle of Willis?
Ensures compensation of blood flow if one vessel is occluded?
There can be variations in the circle of Willis between individuals. True or false?
True
What arteries form the circle of Willis?
anterior communicating artery
Anterior cerebral artery (x2)
Middle cerebral artery (x2)
Posterior communicating artery (x2)
Basilar artery
What is a common site of berry aneurysms?
Areas with lots of arterial branching e.g. the circle of Willis
What percentage of vascular strokes are caused by berry aneurysms?
10%
What area of the brain is supplied by the ACA?
Superior and medial surface of frontal and parietal lobes
Corpus callosum
What areas of the brain are supplied by the MCA?
lateral areas of the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes
What areas of the brain are supplied by the PCA?
The occipital lobe
Inferior and medial surface of the temporal lobe
What are the delicate, deep, perforating arteries in the brain also known as?
Striate arteries
What are supplied by the striate arteries?
Deep nuclei
Deep grey matter
Internal capsule
Major defending motor pathway
What are watershed areas?
Areas that receive blood supply from distal areas of adjacent cerebral arteries
What is a disadvantage of watershed areas?
Susceptible to ischemia when decreased systemic blood pressure causing a water shed stroke
Where do the superficial veins drain to?
The dural sinuses
Where do deep veins of the brain drain into?
The great cerebral vein
Where does the great cerebral vein drain into?
Confluence of sinuses
What are the two sagittal sinuses?
The superior and inferior sagittal sinuses
Where does the superior sagittal sinus drain?
Into the confluence of the sinuses
Where does the inferior sagittal sinus drain?
Into the straight sinus and then into the confluence of sinuses
Where is the cavernous sinus found?
Either side of the sphenoid bone
How does blood drain in the transverse sinuses?
From the transverse sinuses into the sigmoid sinus then into the IJV
How does the cavernous sinus drain?
Straight into the sigmoid sinus and then into the IJV
What structures are closely related to the cavernous sinus?
The pituitary gland
The ICA
Optic chiasm
Cranial nerves III, IV, V1, V2 and VI
What is the significance of the danger triangle of the face?
Sits over the facial vein and veins that connect via the opthalmic vein to the cavernous sinus. This can cause infections to spread into the cranial cavity when the danger triangle is damaged/infected.
Where are bridging veins found?
Over the superior sagittal sinus in the subdural space
What causes an epidural/extradural haemorrhage?
A torn meningeal artery
What causes a subdural haemorrhage?
A torn bridging vein(s)
What causes a subarachnoid haemorrhage?
A torn cerebral artery
