Control L5 blood supply

Question 1

What are the most common pathologies affecting the cerebrum?

Answer 1

Vascular lesions e.g. TIA and stroke
Tumours
Abscess
Hydrocephalus

Question 2

When is a stroke classed as a TIA?

Answer 2

When the vascular deficit lasts less than 24 hours

Question 3

What are the two main arteries supplying the brain?

Answer 3

The vertebral artery and internal carotid artery

Question 4

What do the vertebral arteries fuse to become once in the brain?

Answer 4

The basilar artery

Question 5

Where does the vertebral artery arise from?

Answer 5

The subclavian artery

Question 6

What arteries supply the CNS from the vertebral arteries?

Answer 6

Anterior (x1) and posterior (x2) spinal arteries
PICA (posterior inferior cerebella artery)
Basilar artery

Question 7

What arteries supply the brain from the basilar artery?

Answer 7

AICA (anterior inferior cerebella artery)
(Transverse) Pontine arteries
SCA (superior cerebella artery)
PCA (posterior cerebral arteries)

Question 8

What arteries supply the CNS from the internal carotid artery?

Answer 8

MCA (middle cerebral artery)
ACA (anterior cerebral artery)

Question 9

What anastomoses connects the internal carotid arterial system and the vertebrobasillic arterial systems?

Answer 9

Arterial anastomotic circle aka the circle of Willis

Question 10

What are two of the anastomoses on the circl of Willis?

Answer 10

The anterior and posterior communicating arteries

Question 11

What is an advantage of the circle of Willis?

Answer 11

Ensures compensation of blood flow if one vessel is occluded?

Question 12

There can be variations in the circle of Willis between individuals. True or false?

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What arteries form the circle of Willis?

Answer 13

anterior communicating artery
Anterior cerebral artery (x2)
Middle cerebral artery (x2)
Posterior communicating artery (x2)
Basilar artery

Question 14

What is a common site of berry aneurysms?

Answer 14

Areas with lots of arterial branching e.g. the circle of Willis

Question 15

What percentage of vascular strokes are caused by berry aneurysms?

Answer 15

10%

Question 16

What area of the brain is supplied by the ACA?

Answer 16

Superior and medial surface of frontal and parietal lobes
Corpus callosum

Question 17

What areas of the brain are supplied by the MCA?

Answer 17

lateral areas of the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes

Question 18

What areas of the brain are supplied by the PCA?

Answer 18

The occipital lobe
Inferior and medial surface of the temporal lobe

Question 19

What are the delicate, deep, perforating arteries in the brain also known as?

Answer 19

Striate arteries

Question 20

What are supplied by the striate arteries?

Answer 20

Deep nuclei
Deep grey matter
Internal capsule
Major defending motor pathway

Question 21

What are watershed areas?

Answer 21

Areas that receive blood supply from distal areas of adjacent cerebral arteries

Question 22

What is a disadvantage of watershed areas?

Answer 22

Susceptible to ischemia when decreased systemic blood pressure causing a water shed stroke

Question 23

Where do the superficial veins drain to?

Answer 23

The dural sinuses

Question 24

Where do deep veins of the brain drain into?

Answer 24

The great cerebral vein

Question 25

Where does the great cerebral vein drain into?

Answer 25

Confluence of sinuses

Question 26

What are the two sagittal sinuses?

Answer 26

The superior and inferior sagittal sinuses

Question 27

Where does the superior sagittal sinus drain?

Answer 27

Into the confluence of the sinuses

Question 28

Where does the inferior sagittal sinus drain?

Answer 28

Into the straight sinus and then into the confluence of sinuses

Question 29

Where is the cavernous sinus found?

Answer 29

Either side of the sphenoid bone

Question 30

How does blood drain in the transverse sinuses?

Answer 30

From the transverse sinuses into the sigmoid sinus then into the IJV

Question 31

How does the cavernous sinus drain?

Answer 31

Straight into the sigmoid sinus and then into the IJV

Question 32

What structures are closely related to the cavernous sinus?

Answer 32

The pituitary gland The ICA Optic chiasm Cranial nerves III, IV, V1, V2 and VI

Question 33

What is the significance of the danger triangle of the face?

Answer 33

Sits over the facial vein and veins that connect via the opthalmic vein to the cavernous sinus. This can cause infections to spread into the cranial cavity when the danger triangle is damaged/infected.

Question 34

Where are bridging veins found?

Answer 34

Over the superior sagittal sinus in the subdural space

Question 35

What causes an epidural/extradural haemorrhage?

Answer 35

A torn meningeal artery

Question 36

What causes a subdural haemorrhage?

Answer 36

A torn bridging vein(s)

Question 37

What causes a subarachnoid haemorrhage?

Answer 37

A torn cerebral artery