Control L8 forebrain Flashcards
Where is the outer brain derived from?
The telencephalon
Where is the inner brain derived from?
Diencephalon
Where did the forebrain derive from?
The prosencephalon
What are the two part of the forebrain?
The telencephalon and diencephalon
What is the primary role of the forebrain?
High level processing e.g. memory, cognition, learning, integration of different sensory modalities
How many swellings of telencephalon are there in development? What are they called? What connects them?
2
Telencephalon vesicles
Connected by lamina terminalis
How does the embryonic telencephalon move to form the shape of the brain?
The telencephalon folds down around the diencephalon
What does the embryonic telencephalon become?
Cerebral hemispheres
What does the embryonic lamina terminalis become?
The corpus callosum and anterior commissure
How does the diencephalon develop?
appears as a swelling of the lateral aspect of the central canal. As it develops, the lumen of the central canal narrows and two pairs of swellings form - the thalamus dorsally and the hypothalamus ventrally. The narrowed central canal forms the 3rd ventricle
What sulcus separates the hypothalamus and the thalamus?
Hypothalamic sulcus
What shape is adopted by the telencephalon in development?
C shape
Where is the inferior horn of the ventricles?
Temporal lobe
In the coronal plane, at what level can the anterior and posterior horns of the ventricles be seen?
At the level of the occipital lobes
What are the 4 divisions of the diencephalon?
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Subthalamus
Epithalamus
Where does the diencephalon sit?
On top of/superior to the brainstem
What is the role of the thalamus?
Relay information between parts of the CNS, motor and sensory processing
What is the role of the hypothalamus?
Autonomic control (BP, sexual functions),homeostasis and endocrine functions
What is the role of the subthalamus?
Functionally part of the basal nuclei/ganglia and involved in motor control
Can the subthalamus be seen in a midsagittal section?
No
What is the role of the epithalamus? What gland does this?
To secrete melatonin via the pineal gland
What is the shape of the thalami? What matter is it formed of?
Egg shaped grey matter
What ventricle is found between the thalami?
3rd ventricle
What connects the two thalami?
Massa intermedia aka interthalamic adhesion
What nuclei in the thalamus send fibres to the cerebral cortex?
Relay nuclei
In what manner can information be sent to the cerebral hemisphere from the thalamus?
Directly to a defined area of diffusely to multiple areas
What is the only sense which is not processed in the thalamus?
Olfaction aka smell
What are the three nuclear groups in the thalamus?
Anterior nuclear group
Medial nuclear group
Lateral nuclear group