Unit Two Exam

Question 1

What statement about carbohydrates is true?
A- all carbohydrates are easily digestible
B- they transport substances into and out of cells
C- they are the building blocks of protein
D- they are the most important energy source for the body

Answer 1

D- they are the most important energy source for the body

Question 2

What best describes hemoglobin?
A- a structural protein
B- a transport protein
C- a hormone
D- a regulatory protein

Answer 2

B- a transport protein

Question 3

In circulating blood, cholesterol is attached to _______ in order to form ______.

Answer 3

Proteins

Lipoproteins

Question 4

Which of the following is a type of fiber?
A- cellulose
B- lipase
C- trypsin
D- isoflavone

Answer 4

A- cellulose

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a dietary macromineral?
A- sulfur
B- potassium
C- magnesium
D- copper

Answer 5

D- copper

Question 6

Which of the following vitamins is water soluble?
A- vitamin A
B- vitamin B
C- vitamin K
D- vitamin E

Answer 6

B- vitamin B

Question 7

In diabetes mellitus, there is an overproduction of what substance?

Answer 7

Ketones

Question 8

Insufficient dietary fiber can cause which condition?
A- diarrhea
B- constipation
C- decreased mineral absorption
D- all of the above

Answer 8

D- all of the above

Question 9

In eukaryotes, the cell’s genetic information is contained in which of the following structures?
A- the ribosomes
B- the lysosomes
C- the chromosomes
D- the nuclear membrane

Answer 9

C- the chromosomes

Question 10

Which of the following statements apply to haploid cells?
A- they are found in the gonads
B- they are the cells that make up most of the tissues of the body
C- they contain no nucleus
D- they have two copies of each chromosome

Answer 10

A- they are found in the gonads

Question 11

What can be observed most readily during the gross examination of an animal?

Answer 11

It’s phenotype

Question 12

The four bases found in RNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and ______.

Answer 12

Uracil

Question 13

Which of the following is a type of RNA found in eukaryotic cells?
A- mRNA
B- rRNA
C- tRNA
D- none of the above
E- all of the above

Answer 13

E- all of the above

Question 14

What is the purpose of mitosis?

Answer 14

To provide for growth and replace worn out cells

Question 15

Which of the following base pairs are found in DNA?
A- guanine-adenine
B- guanine-cytosine
C- guanine-thymine
D- guanine-guanine

Answer 15

B- guanine-cytosine

Question 16

What biomolecule carries the cell’s genetic information across the nuclear membrane?

Answer 16

mRNA

Question 17

Which of the following processes does NOT occur in the nucleus?
A- replication
B- transcription
C- mutation
D- translation

Answer 17

D- translation

Question 18

Transfer RNA is involved in which step of protein synthesis?

Answer 18

Translation

Question 19

Restriction enzymes are used to ________ the DNA fragments.

Answer 19

Cut

Question 20

What is the product of transcription?

Answer 20

RNA

Question 21

What are restriction enzymes used for in molecular biology?

Answer 21

They allow scientists to cut DNA into shorter fragments

Question 22

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to:

Answer 22

Clone the DNA fragments

Question 23

What best describes transgenesis?
A- the introduction of foreign DNA in the genome of an animal
B- the crossing of animals from different strains
C- the introducing of RNA to replace DNA in the nucleus
D- the removal of some of the normal genes in an animal cell

Answer 23

A- the introduction of foreign DNA in the genome of an animal

Question 24

For producing gene-targeted animals, the dosage and timing of the hormone injections to produce superovulation must take into consideration which of the following factors?
A- the staff schedule
B- the strain of the stud
C- the Biosafety level in use at the facility
D- the strain of the donor female

Answer 24

D- the strain of the donor female

Question 25

Which of the following methods is used to insert a foreign gene into the genome of an experimental animal? A- pronuclear injection B- breeding a wild-type animal to an inbred animal C- backcrossing a transgenic line D- embryo rederivation

Answer 25

A- pronuclear injection

Question 26

Chimeric mice are developed from which type of cell?

Answer 26

Embryonic stem cell

Question 27

What is genotyping?

Answer 27

Determining if a specific DNA fragment is present on the genome of an organism

Question 28

What proportion of the offspring could you theoretically expect to be hemizygous for the transgene if you mate two hemizygous parents?

Answer 28

50%

Question 29

What is the term for a mouse in which some cells contain the transgene and some cells do not?

Answer 29

Chimera

Question 30

Which of the following can help the technologist observe the pups without disturbing the mother? A- use ultraviolet lighting B- use clear nesting boxes C- remove all bedding D- remove the mother from the cages while observing the pups

Answer 30

B- use clear nesting boxes

Question 31

What term describes an animal where the fragment of DNA inserted through gene-targeted technology prevents the gene product from being expressed?

Answer 31

Knockout

Question 32

``` What best describes an “allele”? A- one of a pair of genes B- a gene that has been artificially incorporated into a chromosome C- a chromosome that is haploid D- an artificial piece of DNA ```

Answer 32

A- one of a pair of genes

Question 33

``` Which of the following variables should be considered when designing a facility where genetic engineering will be the main focus? A- noise B- lighting C- personnel changes D- all of the above ```

Answer 33

D- all of the above

Question 34

``` Which of these types of animals receive a cocktail of known microorganisms? A- axenic B- defined flora C- specific pathogen free D- normal ```

Answer 34

A- axenic

Question 35

When deriving axenic animals, microbiological monitoring should be conducted to make sure that _______ has not passed transplacentally to the pups.

Answer 35

Mycoplasma spp.

Question 36

Among the animals considered to be gnotobiotes, which ones have a normal flora but are free of pathogens?

Answer 36

DF

Question 37

What is a “Schaedler cocktail” or “altered Schaedler cocktail”?

Answer 37

A solution containing a variety of normal flora bacteria

Question 38

When material is introduced into an isolator system, what is the supply cylinder attached to?

Answer 38

The transfer sleeve

Question 39

``` Which of the following is essential for isolator systems? A- temperature and humidity controls B- controls for light/dark cycles C- sterilization of incoming air D- all of the above ```

Answer 39

D- all of the above

Question 40

Why should the existing pups be removed from the axenic foster mother before introducing the new pups?

Answer 40

To ensure genetic integrity of the mice