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LATG > Unit Two Exam > Flashcards

Unit Two Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What statement about carbohydrates is true?
A- all carbohydrates are easily digestible
B- they transport substances into and out of cells
C- they are the building blocks of protein
D- they are the most important energy source for the body

A

D- they are the most important energy source for the body

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2
Q 
What best describes hemoglobin?
A- a structural protein
B- a transport protein
C- a hormone
D- a regulatory protein
A

B- a transport protein

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3
Q

In circulating blood, cholesterol is attached to _______ in order to form ______.

A

Proteins

Lipoproteins

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4
Q 
Which of the following is a type of fiber?
A- cellulose
B- lipase
C- trypsin
D- isoflavone
A

A- cellulose

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5
Q 
Which of the following is NOT a dietary macromineral?
A- sulfur
B- potassium
C- magnesium
D- copper
A

D- copper

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6
Q 
Which of the following vitamins is water soluble?
A- vitamin A
B- vitamin B
C- vitamin K
D- vitamin E
A

B- vitamin B

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7
Q

In diabetes mellitus, there is an overproduction of what substance?

A

Ketones

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8
Q 
Insufficient dietary fiber can cause which condition?
A- diarrhea
B- constipation
C- decreased mineral absorption
D- all of the above
A

D- all of the above

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9
Q 
In eukaryotes, the cell’s genetic information is contained in which of the following structures?
A- the ribosomes
B- the lysosomes
C- the chromosomes
D- the nuclear membrane
A

C- the chromosomes

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10
Q

Which of the following statements apply to haploid cells?
A- they are found in the gonads
B- they are the cells that make up most of the tissues of the body
C- they contain no nucleus
D- they have two copies of each chromosome

A

A- they are found in the gonads

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11
Q

What can be observed most readily during the gross examination of an animal?

A

It’s phenotype

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12
Q

The four bases found in RNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and ______.

A

Uracil

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13
Q 
Which of the following is a type of RNA found in eukaryotic cells?
A- mRNA
B- rRNA
C- tRNA
D- none of the above
E- all of the above
A

E- all of the above

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14
Q

What is the purpose of mitosis?

A

To provide for growth and replace worn out cells

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15
Q 
Which of the following base pairs are found in DNA?
A- guanine-adenine
B- guanine-cytosine
C- guanine-thymine
D- guanine-guanine
A

B- guanine-cytosine

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16
Q

What biomolecule carries the cell’s genetic information across the nuclear membrane?

A

mRNA

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17
Q 
Which of the following processes does NOT occur in the nucleus?
A- replication
B- transcription
C- mutation
D- translation
A

D- translation

18
Q

Transfer RNA is involved in which step of protein synthesis?

A

Translation

19
Q

Restriction enzymes are used to ________ the DNA fragments.

A

Cut

20
Q

What is the product of transcription?

A

RNA

21
Q

What are restriction enzymes used for in molecular biology?

A

They allow scientists to cut DNA into shorter fragments

22
Q

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to:

A

Clone the DNA fragments

23
Q

What best describes transgenesis?
A- the introduction of foreign DNA in the genome of an animal
B- the crossing of animals from different strains
C- the introducing of RNA to replace DNA in the nucleus
D- the removal of some of the normal genes in an animal cell

A

A- the introduction of foreign DNA in the genome of an animal

24
Q

For producing gene-targeted animals, the dosage and timing of the hormone injections to produce superovulation must take into consideration which of the following factors?
A- the staff schedule
B- the strain of the stud
C- the Biosafety level in use at the facility
D- the strain of the donor female

A

D- the strain of the donor female

25
Q

Which of the following methods is used to insert a foreign gene into the genome of an experimental animal?
A- pronuclear injection
B- breeding a wild-type animal to an inbred animal
C- backcrossing a transgenic line
D- embryo rederivation

A

A- pronuclear injection

26
Q

Chimeric mice are developed from which type of cell?

A

Embryonic stem cell

27
Q

What is genotyping?

A

Determining if a specific DNA fragment is present on the genome of an organism

28
Q

What proportion of the offspring could you theoretically expect to be hemizygous for the transgene if you mate two hemizygous parents?

A

50%

29
Q

What is the term for a mouse in which some cells contain the transgene and some cells do not?

A

Chimera

30
Q

Which of the following can help the technologist observe the pups without disturbing the mother?
A- use ultraviolet lighting
B- use clear nesting boxes
C- remove all bedding
D- remove the mother from the cages while observing the pups

A

B- use clear nesting boxes

31
Q

What term describes an animal where the fragment of DNA inserted through gene-targeted technology prevents the gene product from being expressed?

A

Knockout

32
Q 
What best describes an “allele”?
A- one of a pair of genes
B- a gene that has been artificially incorporated into a chromosome
C- a chromosome that is haploid
D- an artificial piece of DNA
A

A- one of a pair of genes

33
Q 
Which of the following variables should be considered when designing a facility where genetic engineering will be the main focus?
A- noise
B- lighting
C- personnel changes
D- all of the above
A

D- all of the above

34
Q 
Which of these types of animals receive a cocktail of known microorganisms?
A- axenic
B- defined flora
C- specific pathogen free
D- normal
A

A- axenic

35
Q

When deriving axenic animals, microbiological monitoring should be conducted to make sure that _______ has not passed transplacentally to the pups.

A

Mycoplasma spp.

36
Q

Among the animals considered to be gnotobiotes, which ones have a normal flora but are free of pathogens?

A

DF

37
Q

What is a “Schaedler cocktail” or “altered Schaedler cocktail”?

A

A solution containing a variety of normal flora bacteria

38
Q

When material is introduced into an isolator system, what is the supply cylinder attached to?

A

The transfer sleeve

39
Q 
Which of the following is essential for isolator systems?
A- temperature and humidity controls
B- controls for light/dark cycles
C- sterilization of incoming air
D- all of the above
A

D- all of the above

40
Q

Why should the existing pups be removed from the axenic foster mother before introducing the new pups?

A

To ensure genetic integrity of the mice

LATG (23 decks)

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