Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LATG > Chapter 9: Molecular Biology > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Molecular Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a gene?

A

A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The actual physical or behavioral characteristics of an organism

A

Phenotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cells that have single chromosomes not paired

A

Haploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene

A

Mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cells that have chromosomes that are paired

A

Diploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The genetic make-up of an organism

A

Genotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The number of genes in diploid cells of mice is estimated to be about _____________.

A

30,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A molecule that is composed of a series of chemical subunits that are linked together is called a:

A

Polymer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

A

1- a sugar
2- a nitrogen-containing base
3- a phosphate group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the four bases found in DNA?

A

1- adenine
2- guanine
3- cytosine
4- thymine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which base is paired with adenine in the DNA molecule?

A

Thymine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name three major difference between the structure and chemical makeup of DNA and RNA.

A

1- the sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, the sugar in RNA is ribose
2- In eukaryotes, DNA is double-stranded and RNA is single-stranded
3- One of the bases in DNA is thymine, in RNA, it is replaced by Uracil.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the product of protein?

A

Translation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the product of DNA?

A

Replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the product of RNA?

A

Transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where does replication take place?

A

In the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The product of transcription is a molecule of ____________.

A

RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which of the following statements best describes mRNA?
A- it contains all the cells’s genetic information
B- it carries the cell’s genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
C- it provides the chemicals necessary to construct the ribosomes
D- it is generally double-stranded

A

B- it carries the cell’s genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Proteins can be detected in a biological sample using the _________ test.

A

Western blot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q 
Which of the following techniques is used to clone DNA?
A- western blot
B- transcription
C- translation
D- polymerase chain reaction
A

D- polymerase chain reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

___________________ is the process in which a eukaryotic cell nucleus splits into two identical cells,

A

Mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

________________ is a form of cell division that ovaries and testes undergo during the process of sexual reproduction.

A

Meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q 
Using western blot, what enables visualization of the protein?
A- Saline
B- Iodine
C- Gel
D- Antibodies
A

D- Antibodies

24
Q 
What biomolecule carries the cell’s gentic information across the nuclear membrane?
A- Chromatin
B- DNA
C- Nucleotide
D- mRNA
A

D- mRNA

25
Q 
What is the term for a molecule that is composed of a series of chemical subunits which are linked together?
A- Polymer
B- Repeating sequence
C- Building block
D- Paring molecule
A

A- Polymer

26
Q 
What is the product of replication?
A- RNA
B- Enzyme
C- Protein
D- DNA
A

D- DNA

27
Q 
What is the process by which enzymes replicate DNA through many circles in a PCR machine?
A- Amplification
B- Biolumination
C- Attenuation
D- Extraction
A

A- Amplification

28
Q

Which statement applies to haploid cells?
A- They have only one copy of each chromosome
B- They always exist in pairs
C- They contain two nuclei
D- They are somatic cells

A

A- They have only one copy of each chromosome

29
Q 
Where does transcription take place?
A- In the nucleus
B- In the lysosomes
C- Within the nuclear membrane
D- In the ribosomes
A

A- In the nucleus

30
Q 
What is the product of translation?
A- DNA
B- Protein
C- RNA
D- Enzyme
A

B- Protein

31
Q

Which statement is TRUE regarding mitosis and meiosis?
A- Mitosis results in two haploid daughter cells, and meiosis results in four diploid daughter cells
B- Mitosis results in two diploid daughter cells, and meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells
C- Mitosis results in four haploid daughter cells, and meiosis results in two diploid daughter cells
D- Mitosis results in four diploid daughter cells, and meiosis results in two haploid daughter cells

A

B- Mitosis results in two diploid daughter cells, and meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells

32
Q 
For which function is RNA vital?
A- Maintenance of cell structure
B- Production of protein
C- Transfer of materials into and out of the cell
D- Extraction and handling of energy
A

B- Production of protein

33
Q 
In which process do diploid cells in the ovaries and testes undergo cell division?
A- Meiosis
B- Replication
C- Mitosis
D- Mutation
A

A- Meisos

34
Q 
Where does translation take place?
A- In the nucleus
B- In the lysosomes
C- In the ribosomes
D- Within the nuclear membrane
A

C- In the ribosomes

35
Q 
After collecting DNA, what step is done before cutting it into smaller fragments?
A- Applying it to a gel
B- Purifying it
C- testing it for a specific trait
D- Adding restriction enzymes
A

B- Purifying it

36
Q 
Which of the following procedures determines the level of mRNA transcripts in sample?
A- Electrophoresis
B- Eastern blot
C- Quantitative RT-PCR
D- Western blot
A

C- Quantitative RT-PCR

37
Q 
In which process are germ cells produced?
A- Mutation
B- Replication
C- Mitosis
D- Meiosis
A

D- Meiosis

38
Q

Which statement is TRUE regarding cell division?
A- A haploid cell divides to create two identical diploid daughter cells in mitosis
B- A diploid cell divides to create two identical diploid daughter cells in mitosis
C- A diploid cell divides to create two identical diploid daughter cells in meiosis
D- A diploid cell divides to create two identical diploid daughter cells in meiosis

A

B- A diploid cell divides to create two identical diploid daughter cells in mitosis

39
Q 
What is the product of transcription?
A- Enzyme
B- Protein
C- DNA
D- RNA
A

D- RNA

40
Q

What is the one base that differs in RNA as compared to DNA?
A- RNA has uracil where DNA has thymine
B- RNA has adenine where DNA has uracil
C- RNA has thymine where DNA guanine
D- RNA has cytosine where DNA has thymine

A

A- RNA has uracil where DNA has thymine

41
Q 
In protein synthesis, during which step is messenger RNA formed?
A- The bond of DNA with a lipid
B- The transcription of DNA
C- The flow of DNA into the cytoplasm
D- The attachment of DNA to a ribosome
A

B- The transcription of DNA

42
Q

How has qPCR made environmental testing possible?
A- It is easy to get a fluorescent signal from most contaminated surfaces
B- Only a tiny amount of RNA is needed for a valid measurement
C- Heat and humidity do not affect detection of organic material
D- Common bacteria, such as E. coli, enable cloning of any DNA present

A

B- Only a tiny amount of RNA is needed for a valid measurement

43
Q 
Which of the following are the weakest bonds in DNA?
A- Sugar-phosphate
B- Sugar-base
C- They are all the same
D- Base-base
A

D- Base-base

44
Q 
Which statement applies to haploid cells?
A- Their chromosomes exist in pairs
B- They contain no nucleus
C- They are germ cells
D- They always exist in pairs
A

C- They are germ cells

45
Q 
Which process enables a cell to read genetic code in the nucleus to make protein in the cytoplasm?
A- Bonding of nucleotides
B- Replication
C- Translation
D- Transcription
A

D- Transcription

46
Q

How do restriction enzymes cut DNA in sample into several smaller pieces?
A- They bind at specific base pair sequences and cut the DNA at those sites
B- They react with the sugar in the nucleotides and the DNA splits into these subunits
C- They work on the hydrogen bonding sites of the base pairs of the DNA double helix
D- They separate amino acid chains at the “stop” codons

A

A- They bind at specific base pair sequences and cut the DNA at those sites

47
Q 
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to:
A- separate the DNA fragments
B- isolate genes
C- cut the DNA into fragments
D- Clone the DNA fragments
A

D- Clone the DNA fragments

48
Q

Which statement is FALSE regarding the collection and purification of DNA?
A- After purification, DNA is collected as a pellet in the bottom of centrifuge tube
B- Contents of broken cells, including protein and DNA, are released into a solution
C- DNA is purified through a series of steps of dissolution and centrifugation
D- Collecting DNA involves physically breaking open some cells

A

D- Collecting DNA involves physically breaking open some cells

49
Q 
When does replication occur in mammalian cells?
A- When the egg and sperm unite
B- When the cell needs extra energy 
C- During active protein synthesis
D- Before the cells divide
A

D- Before the cells divide

50
Q 
The process of constructing the desired genetic code in a laboratory and inserting it into a zygote or embryo during development is called:
A- Genetic engineering
B- Inserting a mutation
C- In vitro fertilization
D- Breeding for traits
A

A- Genetic engineering

51
Q 
Which bases can pair together in DNA?
A- Guanine-Guanine
B- Guanine-Adenine
C- Guanine-Cytosine
D- Guanine-Thymine
A

C- Guanine-Cytosine

52
Q

What best describes a mutation?
A- A permanent change in the appearance of an animal
B- The differences between fraternal twins
C- A change in the DNA sequence of an animal that was inherited
D- A permanent change in the DNA sequence in some or all of an animal’s cells

A

C- A permanent change int he DNA sequence in some or all of an animal’s cells

53
Q 
Which process enables a cell to read genetic code in the nuclear to make protein in the cytoplasm?
A- Translation
B- Replication
C- Bonding of nucleotides
D- Transcription
A

D- Transcription

54
Q 
Which organelle uses information contained in the mRNA to connect amino acids and form a protein?
A- Lysosome
B- Ribosome
C- Mitochondria
D- Vacuole
A

B- Ribosome

55
Q 
In which process does a eukaryotic cell nucleus split into two identical cells, followed by the division of the parent cell into two daughter cells?
A- Mitosis
B- Mutation
C- Replication
D- Meiosis
A

A- Mitosis

56
Q 
Cloning DNA is accomplished by either polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or by using: 
A- Western blotting technique
B- Bacteria 
C- Specific antibodies
D- Electrophoresis
A

B- Bacteria

57
Q 
In which process are germ cells produced?
A- Mitosis
B- Meiosis
C- Mutation
D- Replication
A

B- Meiosis

LATG (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions