Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LATG > Chapter 12: Immunology > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 reasons that the immune system can be overwhelmed allowing infection to lead to disease.

A

1- the infectious load is high
2- the virulence of the microbe is great
3- the immune system is compromised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is another name for acquired immunity?

A

Adaptive immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q 
In immunology, the term “attenuated” is often used. Which of the following best describes its meaning?
A- originating from the outside
B- weakened
C- incapable of reproduction
D- disease-causing
A

B- weakened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

True or False

The same MIC proteins are found in all the animals of the same species.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What chemical messenger do macrophages and granulocytes release to escalate the immune response?

A

Cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which immune system are T lymphocytes associated with?

A

Acquired immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which immune system are interferon associated with?

A

Innate immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which immune system are antibodies associated with?

A

Acquired immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which immune system is unbroken skin associated with?

A

Innate immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which immune system is high acidity in the stomach associated with?

A

Innate immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which immune system are plasma cells associated with?

A

Acquired immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

True or False

An animal’s innate immune system is functional even if the animal has not been exposed to a foreign substance

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

True or False

The acquired immune response only develops in response to a specific antigen.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Antibody-mediated immune response is associated with which kind of cells?

A

B cells and plasma cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the three steps involved in an acquired immunity response to a foreign substance?

A

1- recognition
2- amplification
3- resolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What two types of molecules participate in the recognition step of an acquired immune response?

A

1- signal molecule

2- receptor molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which of the following cells participate in the acquired immune response?

  • macrophages
  • fibroblasts
  • B cells
  • T cells
  • erythrocytes
  • dendritic cells
A
  • macrophages
  • B cells
  • T cells
  • dendritic cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which of the following statements is/are true of phagocytes?
A- they secrete antibodies
B- they engulf foreign materials
C- they have more than one nucleus
D- they are a component of the acquired immune system

A

B- they engulf foreign materials

D- they are a component of the acquired immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which cells secrete specialized factors that carry messages to other immune system cells?

A

Helper T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

True or False

Each antibody molecule can bind several different kinds of antigens.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the first class of immunoglobulins to be synthesized by a fetus or newborn in response to an antigen?

A

IgM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which cellular organelle contains enzymes that destroy foreign materials that were engulfed by phagocyctic cells?

A

Lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe two ways by which active immunity can develop.

A

1- following exposure to an infectious agent

2- after inoculation with the attenuated or killed infectious agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

During which phase of an immune response do the antibodies become detectable in the serum?

A

The log phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the term for the secondary immune response?

A

Anamnestic response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

List two advantages associated with using dead viruses in vaccines

A

1- they cannot cause disease

2- they are generally more stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the term used to describe an animal with a normal immune system?

A

Immunocompetent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Name three ways by which an individual can naturally acquire an immune disease

A

1- inherit it
2- acquire it through infection or illness
3- as a side effect of some drug treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q 
AIDS is an example of:
A- a primary immunodeficiency disease
B- a secondary immunodeficiency disease
C- an immune hypersensitivity 
D- a chronic immune complex disease
A

B- a secondary immunodeficiency disease

30
Q

True or False

When a defect in immune response is inherited, it is referred to as a primary immunodeficiency disease.

A

True

31
Q

Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is an immunodeficiency virus that affects animals belonging to which species?

A

Nonhuman primates

32
Q

Which cell populations are lacking in SCID mice?

A

T cells and B cells

33
Q

Which of the following precautions should be taken when housing immunodeficienct mice?
A- they should be given sterilized feed and water
B- they should not be cross-bred with other immunodeficienct mice
C- they should be kept in an air-filtered environment
D- they should be handled aseptically
E- the husbandry chores for these animals should be done after all other animals are cared for to prevent their disease from spreading to the general animal population
F- cage changing should be done in a laminar flow work station

A

A- they should be given sterilized feed and water
C- they should be kept in an air-filtered environment
D- they should be handled aseptically
F- cage changing should be done in a laminar flow work work station

34
Q

What is the term you would use to describe a graft transplanted between individuals of the same species?

A

Allograft

35
Q

What is self-recognition?

A

The recognition of cells and tissues as self or foreign

36
Q

What are epitomes?

A

Fragment of an antigen bound to a molecule

37
Q

True or False

Antigenicity is the degree to which an antigen can induce an immune response

A

True

38
Q

True or False

A passive immunization allows for permanent resistance to an antigen.

A

False

39
Q

True or False

Radiation exposure can cause immunosuppression

A

True

40
Q 
AIDS is an example of which type of disease?
A- primary immunodeficiency disease
B- immune hypersensitivity
C- secondary immunodeficiency disease
D- chronic immune complex disease
A

C- secondary immunodeficiency disease

41
Q

What are epitopes?
A- sites where antibodies are produced
B- sites on an antigen that are recognized by the immune system as nonself
C- sites in the body where immune system cells are produced
D- immune reactions that occur in the extracellular fluids in tissues

A

B- sites on an antigen that are recognized by the immune system as nonself

42
Q 
Which term would you use to describe a graft that is transplanted between two identical twins?
A- allograft
B- isograft
C- immunograft
D- xenograft
A

B- isograft

43
Q 
What is another term for antibody-mediated response?
A- extracellular response
B- humoral response
C- secondary response
D- rapid response
A

B- humoral response

44
Q 
What is another term for macrophages?
A- antigen-presenting cells
B- plasma cells
C- neutral cells
D- killer cells
A

A- antigen-presenting cells

45
Q 
Which enzyme can be found in tears, saliva, and nasal secretions and destroys bacteria?
A- pepsin
B- lysozyme
C- amylase
D- lipase
A

B- lysozyme

46
Q 
Which cell lineage is affected in XID mice?
A- null cell
B- T cell
C- dendritic cell
D- B cell
A

D- B cell

47
Q

What is typical of a secondary (anamnestic) immune response?
A- the serum titer rises to a higher level than during the primary response
B- it takes longer to reach the log phase
C- the antibody level decrease more rapidly than in the primary response
D- the response is shorter than the primary response

A

A- the serum titer rises to a higher level than during the primary response

48
Q 
Which of the following is a type of acquired immune response?
A- complement-mediated
B- antigen-mediated
C- surface-mediated
D- antibody-mediated
A

D- antibody-mediated

49
Q 
Which cells are generated by the thymus, bone marrow, liver, and spleen and are found in large numbers in the lymphatic system?
A- macrophages
B- leukocytes
C- red blood cells
D- platelets
A

B- leukocytes

50
Q 
What is the first class of immunoglobulins to be synthesized by a fetus or newborn in response to an antigen?
A- IgD
B- IgM
C- IgE
D- IgA
A

B- IgM

51
Q 
B cells and plasma cells are part of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_-mediated immune response.
A- cell
B- antibody
C- RNA
D- peripheral
A

B- antibody

52
Q 
Which immunoglobulin is associated with hypersensitivity reactions such as asthma?
A- IgA
B- IgD
C- IgE
D- IgM
A

C- IgE

53
Q

What is the role of cytokines?
A- they identify substances as foreign
B- they coat the invading microorganism and prevent it from penetrating healthy cells
C- they transmit information about the presence of a foreign substance
D- they initiate immune response to a substance recognized as nonself

A

C- they transmit information about the presence of a foreign substance

54
Q 
What is the predominant type of immunoglobulins found in the saliva of mammals?
A- IgE
B- IgD
C- IgG
D- IgA
A

D- IgA

55
Q 
During which phase of a primary immune response fo the antibodies become detectable in the serum?
A- the lag phase
B- the decline phase
C- the plateau phase
D- the log phase
A

D- the log phase

56
Q 
Which cells have a similar role to macrophages in presenting the antigen to other cells?
A- helper T cells
B- T cells
C- dendritic cells
D- null cells
A

C- dendritic cells

57
Q 
What are the three steps involved in an acquired immunity response to a foreign substance?
A- activation, processing, response
B- activation, recognition, response
C- recognition, amplification, response
D- recognition, activation, response
A

C- recognition, amplification, response

58
Q 
The transplantation of a pig heart valve into a human is an example of what type of transplant?
A- allograft
B- isograft
C- immunograft
D- xenograft
A

D- xenograft

59
Q 
Which term would you use to describe a graft that is transplanted between individuals of the same species?
A- allograft
B- immunograft
C- isograft
D- xenograft
A

A- allograft

60
Q 
Which is the most abundant immunoglobulin in mammalian serum?
A- IgE
B- IgD
C- IgA
D- IgG
A

D- IgG

61
Q 
Which cell type is a component of the innate immune system?
A- red blood cells
B- phagocytes
C- T cells
D- B cells
A

B- phagocytes

62
Q 
An antibody-mediated immune response is associated with which kind of cells?
A- macrophages
B- B cells
C- killer cells
D- T cells
A

B- B cells

63
Q

How would you classify the athymic mouse’s immunodeficiency?
A- as an immune hypersensitivity
B- as a chronic immune complex disease
C- as a secondary immunodeficiency disease
D- as a primary immunodeficiency disease

A

D- as a primary immunodeficiency disease

64
Q 
What provides the body with its first line of defense against foreign substances?
A- innate immune system
B- lymphocytes
C- antibodies
D- antigens
A

A- innate immune system

65
Q

Which of the following best defines the term “antigen”?
A- a substance that is a component of the cytoplasm of lymphocytes
B- a molecule that helps the body rid itself of foreign substances
C- a substance that is recognized as “nonself”
D- a molecule that helps fight immune diseases

A

C- a substance that is recognized as “nonself”

66
Q

Which treatment is commonly used in laboratory animals to prevent transplant rejection?
A- long term dietary supplements to boost rejection resistance
B- radiation exposure to kill immune system cells
C- blood transfusions to increase the level of B cells and T cells
D- heavy doses of antibiotics to prevent bacterial infections in the transplanted tissue

A

B- radiation exposure to kill immune system cells

67
Q 
Which immune system cells secrete antibodies?
A- T cells
B- Natural killer cells
C- B cells
D- Macrophages
A

C- B cells

68
Q 
Which of the following is a type of interferon?
A- Receptor 
B- Phagocyte
C- Beta
D- Selective
A

C- Beta

69
Q

Which statement applies to chronic immune complex diseases?
A- The immune system is depressed for a period of time following radiation therapy
B- The immune system attacks the body’s own cells
C- There is an accumulation of antigen-antibody complexes in the bloodstream
D- The immune system overreacts to the prescience of an antigen

A

C- There is an accumulation of antigen-antibody complexes in the bloodstream

70
Q

Which of the following statements is true of phagocytes?
A- They secrete antibodies
B- They are a component of the adaptive immune system
C- They engulf foreign material
D- They have more than one nucleus

A

C- They engulf foreign material

71
Q 
Which cell population is lacking in SCID mice?
A- Macrophages and T cells
B- B cells and macrophages
C- T cells and B cells
D- T cells and null cells
A

C- T cells and B cells

LATG (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions