Unit Three Exam Flashcards
Which of the following cellular components play a role in the body’s ability to recognize substances a “nonself”?
A- antigens
B- antibodies
C- proteins of the major histocompatibility complex
D- mucous membranes
C- proteins of the major histocompatibility complex
The immunity that functions if an animal has not been exposed to a foreign substance is called ______ immunity.
Innate
In the recognition stage of an immune response, which of the following encounter an antigen-presenting cell? A- B lymphocytes B- mast cells C- dendritic cells D- immunoglobulins
A- B lymphocytes
What best describes the cytokines?
A- they transmit information from the receptor to other sites in the cell
B- they are enzymes that destroy foreign materials that enter the cell
C- they secrete antibodies against the invading substance
D- they serve as “memory molecules” that can quickly mobilize if the same antigen invades the cell later
A- they transmit information from the receptor to other sites in the cell
Macrophages and _________ have a similar role in presenting an antigen to other cells
Dendritic cells
What is the term used to describe an animal with a normal immune system?
Immunocompetent
What is the most abundant immunoglobulin found in the serum of mammals?
IgG
Which of the following is an example of passive immunity?
A- the absence of infection-fighting ability in immunosuppressed animals
B- the reaction that follows a second exposure to the same antigen
C- the protection offered by pre-formed antibodies given to an animal
D- the protection offered by endogenous polyclonal antibodies
C- the protection offered by pre-formed antibodies given to an animal
Which of the following treatments is commonly used in laboratory animals to prevent transplant rejection?
A- heavy doses of antibodies to prevent bacterial infections in the transplanted tissue
B- long-term dietary supplements to boost rejection resistance
C- blood transfusions to increase the level of B cells and T cells
D- radiation exposure to kill progenitors of the immune system cells
D- radiation exposure to kill progenitors of the immune system cells
What best describes a xenograft?
A- a graft of tissue obtained from another part of the body of the recipient
B- a graft of tissue obtained from a recipient’s identical twin
C- a graft of tissue obtained from an animal of the same species
D- a graft of tissue obtained from a donor of a different species
D- a graft of tissue obtained from a donor of a different species
When is the best time to schedule husbandry chores in rooms that house immunodeficient animals?
At the beginning of the day to prevent contamination transmitted from other animals in the facility
Which of the following is a way that a secondary immunodeficiency disease can be acquired? A- poor nutrition B- radiation exposure C- inherited genetically D- none of the above
A- poor nutrition
The structure of viruses usually consists of which of the following? A- a strand of nucleic acid B- a protein capsid C- a lipid envelope D- all of the above E- none of the above
D- all of the above
Some bacteria are encapsulated. What best describes a capsule?
A- a resistant outer covering of bacterial spores
B- the equivalent of the plasma membrane in bacteria
C- an exterior protective envelope of gelatinous material
D- an appendage for bacterial locomotion
C- an exterior protective envelope of gelatinous material
Which statement best describes a bacterial spore?
A- it is an envelope that covers the bacterium and protects it from being digested by the host’s enzymes
B- it is a colony of bacteria enveloped in a thick protective coating
C- it is the bacterial chromosomes surrounded by a tough coating
D- it is the infectious stage of a bacterium
C- it is the bacterial chromosomes surrounded by a tough coating
Bacteria that can grow in the absence of oxygen are called:
Anaerobic
Which of the following statements applies to viral reproduction?
A- viruses reproduce by integrating pieces of the host’s DNA into their own DNA
B- viruses reproduce in the fluids that surround the cells in the host’s tissues
C- viruses use the host cell’s mechanisms to synthesize new viral components
D- agars are good media that allow virus production and growth without the need for the virus to enter a host cell
C- viruses use the host cell’s mechanisms to synthesize new viral components
Scrapie in sheep is believed to be caused by which infectious agent?
Prions
What is the shape of cocci bacteria?
Spherical
Tapeworms belong to which class of helminths?
Cestodes
How do hookworms generally enter the body?
Penetration of the skin or oral mucosa
Which of the following can be infected by ich? A- fish B- swine C- nonhuman primates D- mice
A- fish
Which of the following is TRUE about idiopathic ulcerative dermatitis (IUD)?
A- the exact cause is known and there is a standard treatment to cure it
B- the lesions primarily occur on the arms and neck
C- SCID mice are most likely to be affected
D- mice with IUD may make them poor research subjects
D- mice with IUD may make them poor research subjects
Which of the following statements apply to bacterial pneumonia in guinea pigs?
A- it has distinctive clinical signs and is readily diagnosed
B- it typically causes mild disease in young animals and death in older animals
C- routine administration of antibiotics is the primary method for maintaining disease-free guinea pig colonies
D- it is often associated with bordetella bronchiseptica and streptococcus pneumoniae
D- it is often associated with bordetella bronchiseptica and streptococcus pneumoniae
