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LATG > Chapter 6: Health Surveillance And Quality Assurance > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Health Surveillance And Quality Assurance Flashcards

1
Q

What term describes the methods used to detect adventitious bacteria, viruses, or parasites at an early stage of infection?

A

Health surveillance

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2
Q 
In an animal environment, quality assurance applies to systems used to operate the facility and provide for the animals, such as:
A- animal care
B- sanitation
C- food inventory
D- all of the above
A

D- all of the above

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3
Q

What is a good way to screen the health status of incoming animals?

A

Request several extra animals from the vendor to use for health screening

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4
Q

True or False

Serology is the best method to detect pathogens in immunodeficient animals

A

False

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5
Q

Name two advantages of PCR over other detection techniques

A

1- does not require the host to have a completely functional immune system and it has very high sensitivity
2- available for many viruses including mouse parvoviruses, LCMV, and K virus

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6
Q

Which test detects known DNA sequences characteristic for the pathogen?

A

Polymerase chain reaction

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7
Q

List at least 5 factors that should be considered when deciding on the frequency of performing serological testing on laboratory animals

A

1- sensitivity of the test
2- relative importance, nature, and virulence of the agent
3- use of equipment among different groups of animals
4- exclusion of feral or wild animals
5- mechanical separation

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8
Q

True or False

Sentinel animals are experimental animals that are subjected to extra testing during the course of the study

A

False

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9
Q

List three characteristics of sentinel animals

A

1- they should be immunocompetent
2- they should be at least 8-12 weeks old
3- they should be initially free of the agent being tested

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10
Q

Why are sentinels not an effective method to detect some viral pathogens, such as Sendai virus?

A

Because they are better at detecting pathogens which are spread but he oral-fecal route and less so for pathogens spread by aerosol transmission

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11
Q

Facilities that must meet GLP a standards are most likely to use which type of feed?

A

Certified diets

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12
Q

List four components of a successful water quality monitoring system

A

1- regular testing of the functionality of the watering system
2- testing for chemical and bacterial contaminants
3- regular servicing of the equipment
4- keeping a log of all the testing

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13
Q

Identify two potential problems with fresh bedding that anima, care staff should be able to detect easily when changing cages

A

Excessive dust and presence of foreign materials in the bedding

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14
Q

What test can be used to detect DNA sequence of pathogen

A

PCR

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15
Q

What test can be used to detect Syphacia spp.

A

Anal tape test

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16
Q

What test can be used to detect Aspiculuris tetraptera

A

Cecal content exam

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17
Q

What test can be used to detect Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Bacterial culture

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18
Q

What test can be used to detect RNA sequence of pathogen

A

RT-PCR

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19
Q

What is the advantage of using chemically treated papers inside a package rather than putting a sensor tape on the surface of the package to monitor autoclave functions?

A

The sensor tapes on reveal conditions at the specific site of the test using paper inside the package ensures that the correct temperature was reached inside the package, not only on the surface

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20
Q

Continuous exposure to acoustical levels above ________ decibel (dB) can have both auditory and nonauditory effects

A

85

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21
Q

True or False

Radios should not be permitted in any room where animals are housed

A

False

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22
Q

Light levels of _______ foot-candles at ________ meter(s) above the floor are adequate for most routine care procedures

A

30; 1

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23
Q

True or False

PCR rodent infectious agent (PRIA) panels allow detection of an infectious agent even if present in low numbers

A

True

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24
Q

In what situations is PRIA testing a valuable component of a screening program?

A

The pathogen is difficult to detect or characterize with other methods, the pathogen takes a long time to culture, the pathogen requires histopathology to confirm

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25
Q

List two disadvantages of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test?

A

1- PCR is only available for certain pathogens

2- only detects active infections

26
Q

What is the overall goal of a quality assurance (QA) program?

A

The overall goal of a QA program is to maintain the consistency of the research animal models and the integrity of the scientific methodology

27
Q

Which if the following is TRUE about adenosine triphosphate (ATP) test swabs?
A- it uses a light generating response to measure the amount of ATP present
B- it is a slower method to use as compared to culture
C- it can identify what specific contaminant is found
D- it marks sources of contamination as colony forming units (CFUs)

A

A- it uses a light generating response to measure the amount of ATP present

28
Q

Which if the following strategies is used in pest management?
A- containers of feed should be kept closed
B- wastes should be disposed of properly
C- cracks in the walls should be quickly fixed
D- all of the above

A

D- all of the above

29
Q

What are three common causes of autoclave failure?

A

1- the cycle did not achieve 100% air removal
2- proper steam pressure was not reached
3- the run time was too short

30
Q

What is recommended for animals such as genetically engineered rodents obtained from sources other than licensed vendors?
A- Only obtain them in limited numbers at a time to lessen the chance of contamination
B- Request a written guarantee that the animals are specific pathogen free
C- Quarantine them upon arrival
D- Ask the facility to conduct a pre-shipment health screening

A

C- Quarantine them upon arrival

31
Q 
One way to monitor the effectiveness of the cage washing system is to use adhesive plastic tape that changes color when exposed to a temperature of:
A- 92 +/- 1 C
B- 72 +/- 1 C
C- 102 +/- 1 C
D- 82 +/- 1 C
A

D- 82 +/- 1 C

32
Q 
Animals that are kept under conditions similar to those of the experimental animals and are used to document the health status of the colony are known as:
A- Sentinels
B- Standards
C- Controls
D- Barrier animals
A

A- Sentinels

33
Q 
Which pinworm infection can be detected by a tape test?
A- Aspiculuris
B- Brucellosis
C- Colibacillosis
D- Syphacia
A

D- Syphacia

34
Q

Which of the following is NOT provided by data obtained from microbial monitoring?
A- Identification of trends in contamination status
B- Confirmation of the validity of study results
C- A basis for developing guidelines for cleanliness
D- Motivation for personnel to follow effective procedures

A

B- Confirmation of the the validity of study results

35
Q 
Sentinel animals should be at least what age?
A- 8-12 weeks
B- 3 weeks
C- 6 months
D- 4-8 weeks
A

A- 8-12 weeks

36
Q 
Which type of bedding is required in GLP studies?
A- irradiated
B- Certified
C- Autoclaved
D- Sanitized
A

B- Certified

37
Q 
What can the multiplex fluorescent immunoassay detect?
A- Parasitic infections
B- Bacterial infections
C- Virulence of an infectious agent
D- Presence of viral antibodies
A

D- Presence of viral antibodies

38
Q 
Which technique is most used to detect Helicobacter spp.?
A- Anal tape test
B- Fecal sedimentation
C- Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay
D- Polymerase chain reaction
A

D- Polymerase chain reaction

39
Q 
Which type of sampling can be used in place of bedding sentinels?
A- Plucked fur
B- Cage rack water
C- Environmental dust
D- Organic residue on used cages
A

C- Environmental dust

40
Q 
What term best describes the methods used to detect adventitious bacteria, viruses, or parasites at an early stage of infection?
A- Environmental monitoring
B- Health surveillance
C- Animal husbandry
D- Quality assurance
A

B- Health surveillance

41
Q

Which of the following is a main factor that determines the number of sentinels used?
A- Expected morbidity of the agents being monitored
B- Number of pathogens being tested
C- Space available in the animal rooms
D- Cost involved in maintaining the animals

A

A- Expected morbidity of the agents being monitored

42
Q

What is a common method used to detect exposure to viral pathogens?
A- Gel electrophoresis
B- Virology
C- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
D- Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA)

A

D- Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA)

43
Q 
Technology using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) test swabs uses \_\_\_\_\_\_ to measure organic residue.
A- Magnetism
B- Light
C- Heat
D- Sound
A

B- Light

44
Q

How soon after exposure should a sentinel be tested for a specific pathogen?
A- 8-12 weeks after exposure
B- Immediately
C- Within the first 3 weeks following exposure
D- 3-6 weeks after exposure

A

D- 3-6 weeks after exposure

45
Q 
All of the following can increase a rodent’s susceptibility to infectious, toxic, and other harmful agents, EXCEPT which of the following?
A- Elevated temperature
B- High ammonia concentrations
C- Extra environmental enrichment
D- Increased humidity
A

C- Extra environmental enrichment

46
Q

What is a recommended step you should follow in choosing an animal supplier?
A- Visit the vendor’s facility
B- Check the vendor’s recent USDA inspection reports for issues
C- Always use the same vendor
D- Consider the distance from the facility to avoid long distance transport

A

B- Check the vendor’s recent USDA inspection reports for issues

47
Q 
What is the primary action of a quality assurance team?
A- Strategizing
B- Monitoring
C- Defining
D- Researching
A

B- Monitoring

48
Q 
Which of the following is NOT integral to good health surveillance?
A- Ample environmental enrichment
B- Meticulous animal husbandry practices
C- Proper vendor selection
D- Organized and complete record keeping
A

A- Ample environmental enrichment

49
Q 
How many days does it generally take for an animal to develop an immune response to an agent?
A- 30 or more
B- 10 to 14
C- 15 to 20
D- 3 to 5
A

B- 10 to 14

50
Q

Regulations and standards for USDA-regulated species are specified in which of the following?
A- AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals
B- Animal Welfare Act
C- Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals
D- PHS Policy

A

C- Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals

51
Q 
Light levels of \_\_\_\_\_\_ foot-candles at \_\_\_\_\_ meter(s) above the floor are adequate for most routine care procedures.
A- 10,2
B- 30,2
C- 15,1
D- 30,1
A

D- 30, 1

52
Q

What have some facilities used in place of sound to alert staff regarding a fire in the facility?
A- Red flashing lights
B- Automation of door locks
C- A system of colored flags in the hallway
D- Text messages

A

A- Red flashing lights

53
Q

Which of the following is an advantage of the adhesive plastic tape used to test the effectiveness of cage washers?
A- Can be kept as a permanent record
B- Dissolves after the appropriate temperature is reached
C- Can be reused up to 10-12 times
D- Measures temperature and detects pathogens

A

A- Can be kept as a permanent record

54
Q

Which of the following applies to certified feeds?
A- The concentration of fat is lower than in conventional feed
B- They don’t contain any contaminating chemicals
C- They contain extra nutrients
D- The concentration of contaminants is below maximum acceptable levels

A

D- The concentration of contaminants is below maximum acceptable levels

55
Q 
Which test eliminates the need for the animal to have antibodies to the infectious agent?
A- serology
B- PCR rodent infectious agent (PRIA)
C- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
D- Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR)
A

B- PCR rodent infectious agent (PRIA)

56
Q 
A postmortem cecal exam is used to detect which species?
A- Syphacia
B- Brucellosis
C- Aspiculuris
D- Colibacillosis
A

C- Aspiculuris

57
Q 
PCR rodent infectious agent (PRIA) testing allows swift identification of environmental pathogens by detecting which of the following?
A- Anti-pathogen antibodies
B- Microbial allergens
C- Pathogen genetic material
D- Microbial adenosine triphosphate
A

C- Pathogen genetic material

58
Q

A good way to screen the health status of incoming animals is to:
A- Ask the vendor to quarantine the animals for 14 days before delivery
B- Obtain health reports from the vendor
C- Request several extra animals from the vendor to use for health screening
D- Quarantine all incoming animals

A

C- Request several extra animals from the vendor to use for health screening

59
Q 
Continuous exposure to acoustical levels above what level can have both auditory and non-auditory effects?
A- 85 db
B- 80 db
C- 75 db
D- 90 db
A

A- 85 db

60
Q 
Levels of light photo intensity above \_\_\_\_\_ foot-candles can cause retinal damage in some albino animals.
A- 100
B- 50
C- 75
D- 25
A

C- 75

61
Q 
What is the term for the systematic approach to ensuring that various aspects of a laboratory operation meets specified requirements?
A- Quality assurance
B- Quarantine
C- Animal procurement SOP
D- Health surveillance
A

A- Quality assurance

62
Q 
PCR rodent infectious agent (PRIA) testing allows swift identification of environmental pathogens by detecting which of the following?
A- Anti-pathogen antibodies
B- Microbial adenosine triphosphate
C- Microbial allergens
D- Pathogen genetic material
A

D- Pathogen genetic material

LATG (23 decks)

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