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LATG > Chapter 8: Biochemstry & Nutrition > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Biochemstry & Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What is the organic compound that is implicated in diabetes mellitus?

A

Ketones

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2
Q

What is the organic compound that is implicated in atherosclerosis?

A

Cholesterol

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3
Q

What is the organic compound that is implicated in phenylketonuria?

A

Phenylalanine

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4
Q

Blood plasma that appears cloudy may be an indication of what condition?

A

Lipemia

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5
Q

How would you classify a carbohydrate containing 5 saccharide units?

A

Oligosaccharide

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6
Q

What is the primary source of energy used by the body for all metabolic processes?

A

Glucose

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7
Q

What type of carbohydrate is ribose?

A

A monosaccharide

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8
Q

What type of carbohydrate is amylose?

A

A polysaccharide that is a component of starch

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9
Q

What type of carbohydrate is cellulose?

A

A polysaccharide that makes up supportive structure of plants

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10
Q

What type of carbohydrate is maltose?

A

A disaccharide

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11
Q 
Which of the following groups of organic compounds is the largest component of plasma membranes?
A- proteins
B- lipids
C- carbohydrates
D- vitamin
A

B- lipids

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12
Q

What does the term saturated fatty acid mean?

A

All carbons on the saturated fatty acid are bound to as many hydrogen atoms as possible

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13
Q 
Which of the following is measured in the blood to assess lipid metabolism?
A- glycoprotein
B- triglyceride
C- hemoglobin
D- amylase
A

B- triglyceride

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14
Q

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

A

1- nitrogenous base
2- sugar
3- phosphate group

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15
Q

Which of the following molecules are structured proteins?
A- lipase and restriction enzymes
B- collagen and keratin
C- hemoglobin and high density lipoprotein
D- antigens and antibodies

A

B- collagen and keratin

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16
Q 
Vitamins serve as chemical partners with which of the following to help maintain normal cell function?
A- enzymes
B- lipids
C- nucleic acids
D- steroids
A

A- enzymes

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17
Q

Zinc is an example of a __________________?

A

Micromineral

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18
Q

A fatty acid with a single double bond between two carbons is considered what kind of fat?

A

Monounsaturated

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19
Q

Is vitamin A fat-soluble or water-soluble?

A

Fat-soluble

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20
Q

Is vitamin c fat-soluble or water-soluble?

A

Water-soluble

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21
Q

Is vitamin B12 fat-soluble or water-soluble?

A

Water-soluble

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22
Q

Is vitamin K fat-soluble or water-soluble?

A

Fat-soluble

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23
Q

Is vitamin E fat-soluble or water-soluble?

A

Fat-soluble

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24
Q

List 4 of the macro minerals in the diet

A

1- calcium
2- phosphorus
3- magnesium
4- sodium

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25
Q

True or False

Cholesterol is a lipid that is soluble in blood.

A

False

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26
Q

What are the basic components of proteins?

A

Amino acids

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27
Q

What breaks down dietary fiber?

A

Bacterial fermentation

28
Q

Which type of animal can degrade fiber and use it for a main source of energy?

A

Ruminants

29
Q

Which 2 laboratory animal species require vitamin C in the diet because they cannot synthesize it in their body?

A

1- Guinea pigs

2- nonhuman primates

30
Q

Which two species require supplementation of their diet with taurine?

A

Ferrets and cats

31
Q 
A fatty acid made up of carbons that are bound to as many hydrogen atoms as possible is \_\_\_\_\_.
A- Complex
B- Essential
C- Insoluble
D- Saturated
A

D- Saturated

32
Q 
What must be checked to ensure that a bag of feed has a stable vitamin content?
A- Shelf life
B- Nutrient levels
C- List of additives
D- AN online resource on feeds
A

A- Shelf life

33
Q 
Which of the following is NOT a micro mineral?
A- Iodine
B- Chlorine
C- Iron
D- Copper
A

B- Chlorine

34
Q 
What is another name for glucose?
A- Ribose
B- Lactose
C- Maltose
D- Dextrose
A

D- Dextrose

35
Q

On what characteristic are the two categories of dietary minerals (micro- and macro minerals) based?
A- The complexity of their structure
B- Their biological importance
C- Whether they are broken down int he stomach
D- Their interaction with other minerals

A

B- Their biological importance

36
Q 
Which type of fatty acid has one double bond between two carbons?
A- Monounsaturated
B- Triunstaurated
C- Polyunsaturated
D- Saturated
A

A- Monounsaturated

37
Q 
Organic acids consisting of a chain of hydrocarbons are \_\_\_\_\_.
A- Glycoproteins
B- Lipoproteins
C- Fatty acids
D- Lipids
A

C- Fatty acids

38
Q 
What is one way to change the laboratory animal diet to control gene expression in some genetically modified strains?
A- increase potassium content
B- Addition of fenbendazole
C- Addition of tetracycline
D- Increase sodium content
A

C- Addition of tetracycline

39
Q 
Which term is used for the cholesterol deposited on the inner lining of blood vessels?
A- Bulk
B- Plaque
C- Cascade
D- Taurine
A

B- Plaque

40
Q 
Ketones are implicated in which disease?
A- Cirrohosis of the liver
B- Diabetes mellitus
C- Atherosclerosis
D- Phenylketonuria
A

B- Diabetes mellitus

41
Q 
The deficiency of which essential micro mineral results in bone abnormality and tooth decay?
A- Cobalt
B- Fluorine
C- Manganese
D- Molybdenum
A

B- Fluorine

42
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ allows lipids to be absorbed through the wall to the small intestine and used as energy in the body.
A- Oleic acid
B- Glycerol
C- Lipase
D- Bile
A

D- Bile

43
Q 
Which animal has a tongue that secretes lipase to digest fats and oils?
A- Mouse
B- Pig
C- Dog
D- Rabbit
A

A- Mouse

44
Q 
Which of the following is a component of both RNA and DNA?
A- Fructose
B- Galactose
C- Glucose
D- Ribose
A

D- Ribose

45
Q 
Which proteins are biological catalysts which perform work of chemical reactions in cells?
A- Enzymes
B- Peptides
C- Hormones
D- Antibodies
A

A- Enzymes

46
Q 
An imbalance in the different types of lipoproteins (HDL versus LDL) is a major contributing factor in which of the following diseases?
A- Atherosclerosis
B- Diabetes
C- Lupus
D- Tuberculosis
A

A- Atherosclerosis

47
Q 
Which micro mineral is an important component of vitamin B12?
A- Molybdenum
B- Chromium
C- Manganese
D- Cobalt
A

D- Cobalt

48
Q 
Which animal requires a course of vitamin C in their diet?
A- Dog
B- Rat
C- Rabbit
D- Guinea pig
A

D- Guinea pig

49
Q 
Which protein carries oxygen to cells throughout the body?
A- Thyroid regulating hormone
B- High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
C- Hemoglobin
D- Protease
A

C- Hemoglobin

50
Q 
Which of the following is an inorganic molecule?
A- Protein
B- Lipid
C- Water
D- Carbohydrate
A

C- Water

51
Q

Which statement regarding isoflavone is FALSE?
A- Isoflavones are phytoestrogens
B- Isoflavones may strengthen the immune system
C- Isoflavones may lessen the action of tamoxifen
D- Isoflavones may be found in caging equipment

A

B- Isoflavones may strengthen the immune system

52
Q 
Which carbohydrate consists of two glucose units bound together?
A- Maltose
B- Fructose
C- Sucrose
D- Lactose
A

A- Maltose

53
Q 
The carbon bound to three hydrogens on one end of a fatty acid is a called a \_\_\_\_\_\_ group.
A- Polyunsaturated
B- Triglyceride
C- Methyl
D- Hydroxyl
A

C- Methyl

54
Q 
Diabetes results from the body’s inability to regulate the use of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ by cells.
A- Glucose
B- Potassium
C- Lipids
D- Vitamin C
A

A- Glucose

55
Q 
Ferrets and cats must have a diet containing which organic acid?
A- Taurine
B- Purine
C- Lysine
D- Phenylalanine
A

A- Taurine

56
Q 
Which of the following is NOT a dietary macromineral?
A- Copper
B- Potassium
C- Sulfur
D- Magnesium
A

A- Copper

57
Q 
A complex lipid that includes a carbohydrate portion is a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A- Lipoprotein
B- Glycolipid
C- Wax
D- Diglyceride
A

B- Glycolipid

58
Q 
Which carbohydrate can be digested only by some species, such as ungulates and lagomorphs?
A- Maltose
B- Cellulose
C- Glycogen
D- Starch
A

B- Cellulose

59
Q 
Which of the following is a disaccharide?
A- Galactose
B- Sucrose
C- Fructose
D- Glucose
A

B- Sucrose

60
Q 
Which of the following is the most abundant protein found in a mammal?
A- Collagen
B- Serotonin
C- Hemoglobin
D- Keratin
A

A- Collagen

61
Q 
Which condition results from a deficiency of dietary vitamin C?
A- Ketocidosis
B- Toxoplasmosis
C- Diabetes
D- Scurvy
A

D- Scurvy

62
Q 
Which of the following is an enzyme that aids in the digestion of starches and other polysaccharides?
A- Amylase
B- Protease
C- Lipase
D- Pepsin
A

A- Amylase

63
Q 
Which carbohydrate is found in mammalian milk?
A- Sucrose
B- Lactose
C- Amylose
D- Maltose
A

B- Lactose

64
Q 
Which compound does the body overproduce when fat stores are metabolized for energy?
A- Ketones
B- Carbohydrates
C- Lipids
D- Glucose
A

A- Ketones

65
Q 
What is the principal hormone that regulates the amount of glucose taken up by cells in the body?
A- Cortisol
B- Adrenaline
C- Insulin
D- Dopamine
A

C- Insulin

66
Q 
Steroids belong in which group of organic compounds?
A- Vitamins
B- Proteins
C- Lipids
D- Carbohydrates
A

C- Lipids

67
Q 
Which carbohydrate is the primary source of energy used for metabolic processes?
A- Sucrose
B- Glucose
C- Fructose
D- Lactose
A

B- Glucose

LATG (23 decks)

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