Chapter 8: Biochemstry & Nutrition Flashcards by Lori Akin

What is the organic compound that is implicated in diabetes mellitus?

Ketones

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What is the organic compound that is implicated in atherosclerosis?

Cholesterol

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What is the organic compound that is implicated in phenylketonuria?

Phenylalanine

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Blood plasma that appears cloudy may be an indication of what condition?

Lipemia

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How would you classify a carbohydrate containing 5 saccharide units?

Oligosaccharide

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What is the primary source of energy used by the body for all metabolic processes?

Glucose

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What type of carbohydrate is ribose?

A monosaccharide

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What type of carbohydrate is amylose?

A polysaccharide that is a component of starch

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What type of carbohydrate is cellulose?

A polysaccharide that makes up supportive structure of plants

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What type of carbohydrate is maltose?

A disaccharide

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Which of the following groups of organic compounds is the largest component of plasma membranes?
A- proteins
B- lipids
C- carbohydrates
D- vitamin

B- lipids

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What does the term saturated fatty acid mean?

All carbons on the saturated fatty acid are bound to as many hydrogen atoms as possible

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Which of the following is measured in the blood to assess lipid metabolism?
A- glycoprotein
B- triglyceride
C- hemoglobin
D- amylase

B- triglyceride

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What are the three components of a nucleotide?

1- nitrogenous base
2- sugar
3- phosphate group

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Which of the following molecules are structured proteins?
A- lipase and restriction enzymes
B- collagen and keratin
C- hemoglobin and high density lipoprotein
D- antigens and antibodies

B- collagen and keratin

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Vitamins serve as chemical partners with which of the following to help maintain normal cell function?
A- enzymes
B- lipids
C- nucleic acids
D- steroids

A- enzymes

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Zinc is an example of a __________________?

Micromineral

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A fatty acid with a single double bond between two carbons is considered what kind of fat?

Monounsaturated

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Is vitamin A fat-soluble or water-soluble?

Fat-soluble

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Is vitamin c fat-soluble or water-soluble?

Water-soluble

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Is vitamin B12 fat-soluble or water-soluble?

Water-soluble

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Is vitamin K fat-soluble or water-soluble?

Fat-soluble

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Is vitamin E fat-soluble or water-soluble?

Fat-soluble

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List 4 of the macro minerals in the diet

1- calcium
2- phosphorus
3- magnesium
4- sodium

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True or False Cholesterol is a lipid that is soluble in blood.

False

What are the basic components of proteins?

Amino acids

What breaks down dietary fiber?

Bacterial fermentation

Which type of animal can degrade fiber and use it for a main source of energy?

Ruminants

Which 2 laboratory animal species require vitamin C in the diet because they cannot synthesize it in their body?

1- Guinea pigs | 2- nonhuman primates

Which two species require supplementation of their diet with taurine?

Ferrets and cats

``` A fatty acid made up of carbons that are bound to as many hydrogen atoms as possible is _____. A- Complex B- Essential C- Insoluble D- Saturated ```

D- Saturated

``` What must be checked to ensure that a bag of feed has a stable vitamin content? A- Shelf life B- Nutrient levels C- List of additives D- AN online resource on feeds ```

A- Shelf life

``` Which of the following is NOT a micro mineral? A- Iodine B- Chlorine C- Iron D- Copper ```

B- Chlorine

``` What is another name for glucose? A- Ribose B- Lactose C- Maltose D- Dextrose ```

D- Dextrose

On what characteristic are the two categories of dietary minerals (micro- and macro minerals) based? A- The complexity of their structure B- Their biological importance C- Whether they are broken down int he stomach D- Their interaction with other minerals

B- Their biological importance

``` Which type of fatty acid has one double bond between two carbons? A- Monounsaturated B- Triunstaurated C- Polyunsaturated D- Saturated ```

A- Monounsaturated

``` Organic acids consisting of a chain of hydrocarbons are _____. A- Glycoproteins B- Lipoproteins C- Fatty acids D- Lipids ```

C- Fatty acids

``` What is one way to change the laboratory animal diet to control gene expression in some genetically modified strains? A- increase potassium content B- Addition of fenbendazole C- Addition of tetracycline D- Increase sodium content ```

C- Addition of tetracycline

``` Which term is used for the cholesterol deposited on the inner lining of blood vessels? A- Bulk B- Plaque C- Cascade D- Taurine ```

B- Plaque

``` Ketones are implicated in which disease? A- Cirrohosis of the liver B- Diabetes mellitus C- Atherosclerosis D- Phenylketonuria ```

B- Diabetes mellitus

``` The deficiency of which essential micro mineral results in bone abnormality and tooth decay? A- Cobalt B- Fluorine C- Manganese D- Molybdenum ```

B- Fluorine

``` ________ allows lipids to be absorbed through the wall to the small intestine and used as energy in the body. A- Oleic acid B- Glycerol C- Lipase D- Bile ```

D- Bile

``` Which animal has a tongue that secretes lipase to digest fats and oils? A- Mouse B- Pig C- Dog D- Rabbit ```

A- Mouse

``` Which of the following is a component of both RNA and DNA? A- Fructose B- Galactose C- Glucose D- Ribose ```

D- Ribose

``` Which proteins are biological catalysts which perform work of chemical reactions in cells? A- Enzymes B- Peptides C- Hormones D- Antibodies ```

A- Enzymes

``` An imbalance in the different types of lipoproteins (HDL versus LDL) is a major contributing factor in which of the following diseases? A- Atherosclerosis B- Diabetes C- Lupus D- Tuberculosis ```

A- Atherosclerosis

``` Which micro mineral is an important component of vitamin B12? A- Molybdenum B- Chromium C- Manganese D- Cobalt ```

D- Cobalt

``` Which animal requires a course of vitamin C in their diet? A- Dog B- Rat C- Rabbit D- Guinea pig ```

D- Guinea pig

``` Which protein carries oxygen to cells throughout the body? A- Thyroid regulating hormone B- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) C- Hemoglobin D- Protease ```

C- Hemoglobin

``` Which of the following is an inorganic molecule? A- Protein B- Lipid C- Water D- Carbohydrate ```

C- Water

Which statement regarding isoflavone is FALSE? A- Isoflavones are phytoestrogens B- Isoflavones may strengthen the immune system C- Isoflavones may lessen the action of tamoxifen D- Isoflavones may be found in caging equipment

B- Isoflavones may strengthen the immune system

``` Which carbohydrate consists of two glucose units bound together? A- Maltose B- Fructose C- Sucrose D- Lactose ```

A- Maltose

``` The carbon bound to three hydrogens on one end of a fatty acid is a called a ______ group. A- Polyunsaturated B- Triglyceride C- Methyl D- Hydroxyl ```

C- Methyl

``` Diabetes results from the body’s inability to regulate the use of _______ by cells. A- Glucose B- Potassium C- Lipids D- Vitamin C ```

A- Glucose

``` Ferrets and cats must have a diet containing which organic acid? A- Taurine B- Purine C- Lysine D- Phenylalanine ```

A- Taurine

``` Which of the following is NOT a dietary macromineral? A- Copper B- Potassium C- Sulfur D- Magnesium ```

A- Copper

``` A complex lipid that includes a carbohydrate portion is a _______. A- Lipoprotein B- Glycolipid C- Wax D- Diglyceride ```

B- Glycolipid

``` Which carbohydrate can be digested only by some species, such as ungulates and lagomorphs? A- Maltose B- Cellulose C- Glycogen D- Starch ```

B- Cellulose

``` Which of the following is a disaccharide? A- Galactose B- Sucrose C- Fructose D- Glucose ```

B- Sucrose

``` Which of the following is the most abundant protein found in a mammal? A- Collagen B- Serotonin C- Hemoglobin D- Keratin ```

A- Collagen

``` Which condition results from a deficiency of dietary vitamin C? A- Ketocidosis B- Toxoplasmosis C- Diabetes D- Scurvy ```

D- Scurvy

``` Which of the following is an enzyme that aids in the digestion of starches and other polysaccharides? A- Amylase B- Protease C- Lipase D- Pepsin ```

A- Amylase

``` Which carbohydrate is found in mammalian milk? A- Sucrose B- Lactose C- Amylose D- Maltose ```

B- Lactose

``` Which compound does the body overproduce when fat stores are metabolized for energy? A- Ketones B- Carbohydrates C- Lipids D- Glucose ```

A- Ketones

``` What is the principal hormone that regulates the amount of glucose taken up by cells in the body? A- Cortisol B- Adrenaline C- Insulin D- Dopamine ```

C- Insulin

``` Steroids belong in which group of organic compounds? A- Vitamins B- Proteins C- Lipids D- Carbohydrates ```

C- Lipids

``` Which carbohydrate is the primary source of energy used for metabolic processes? A- Sucrose B- Glucose C- Fructose D- Lactose ```

B- Glucose