Chapter 15: Diagnostic Techniques Flashcards
1
Q
Which of the following terms means to predict the outcome of a disease? A- diagnosis B- prognosis C- health surveillance D- etiology
A
B- prognosis
2
Q
What is the primary evaluation procedure used to determine is an animal has an ectoparasite infestation?
A
A gross visual examination
3
Q
In dogs, adult heartworms are found most often in the ________ and the right ventricle of the heart.
A
Pulmonary artery
4
Q
Which diagnostic test is based on fact that nematode larvae will accumulate at the bottom of a funnel?
A
Fecal sedimentation
5
Q
Smears can be used to determine the presence of endoparasites in which of the following samples? A- feces B- sputum C- blood D- all of the above
A
D- all of the above
6
Q
What test is performed to detect mites?
A
Skin scraping
7
Q
What test has larvae sink to the bottom?
A
Fecal sedimentation
8
Q
What test has eggs that come to the surface?
A
Fecal floatation
9
Q
What is a cellophane tape technique use for?
A
Some species of pinworms
10
Q
What makes up the Buffy coat?
A
White blood cells
11
Q
What is the definition of anemia?
A
Low hematocrit
12
Q
What is yellow plasma a sign of?
A
Jaundice
13
Q
What is dehydration measured by in blood?
A
Specific gravity
14
Q
The measurement obtained when you perform a hematocrit represents:
A
A percentage
15
Q
In most species, which type of white blood cells are the most numerous?
A
Neutrophils/heterophils
16
Q
The presence of parasites and allergic reactions are two conditions that often cause an elevation in the numbers of which white blood cells?
A
Eosinophils
17
Q
Which test gives information on blood cell morphology?
A
Peripheral blood smear
18
Q
True or False
Clinical serum chemistries are tests that determine the chemical composition of the blood cells
A
False
19
Q
What is the difference between plasma and serum?
A
Plasma is the noncellular portion of whole blonde (unclotted). Serum is the liquid obtained from blood that has been allowed to clot
20
Q
Which of the following best describes blood plasma? A- whole blood B- unclotted blood C- the liquid portion of unclotted blood D- the liquid portion of clotted blood
A
C- the liquid portion of unclotted blood
21
Q
Measuring an antibody titer can give information about:
A- active infection
B- past infection
C- number of times the animal has been exposed to a pathogen
D- period of time elapsed since the last exposure to the antigen
A
A- active infection
B- past infection
22
Q
True or False
The best way to obtain a sterile urine sample is to use a catheter inserted in the urethra of the animal
A
False
23
Q
Examination of skin mucus taken from aquatic species under a microscope is also known as:
A
Wet mount
24
Q
True or False
To examine the urinary sediments, the urine should be left undisturbed for several hours before being stained
A
False
25
```
Hematology can assist the technologist in diagnosis of which of the following health problems?
A- anemia
B- dehydration
C- infection
D- all of the above
```
D- all of the above
26
Why can’t viruses be co-identified with bacteria if inoculated on the same agar plate?
Viruses do not grow on artificial media
27
True or False
An examination of the animal’s cage should be part of the development of the case history of the animal being necropsied.
True
28
Why should the carcass of an animal never be frozen before necropsy?
Because the formation of ice crystals will disrupt the cell structures and will make tissue examination impossible
29
True or False
X-Rays can penetrate through most body tissues
True
30
True or False
Infared radiation is emitted from all objects
True
31
```
Which of the following is an example of a contrast medium?
A- cadmium
B- Luciferin
C- bilirubin
D- gadolinium
```
D- gadolinium
32
In dorsoventral recumbency, which part of the animal do the x-rays strike first?
The back
33
True or False
Physiological control is important during diagnostic imaging to prevent the introduction of artifact.
True
34
Which method would you want to use to follow in real time the progress of a catheter from a peripheral blood vessel to the heart?
Fluoroscopy
35
```
Which of the following techniques uses a radioisotope to provide images of in vivo biological processes?
A- fluoroscopy
B- ultrasound
C- magnetic resonance imaging
D- positron emission tomography
```
D- positron emission tomography
36
What is an antibody titer?
A- The highest dilution of the blood sample in which there is no reaction with the antigen
B- The amount of antigen circulating in the bloodstream
C- The amount of antibody per deciliter of blood
D- The greatest dilution of blood sample with a positive result when exposed to the antigen
D- The greatest dilution of blood sample with a positive result when exposed to the antigen
37
```
X-rays are which type of waves?
A- Geomagnetic
B- Thermomagnetic
C- Electromagnetic
D- Biomagnetic
```
C- Electromagentic
38
```
What must be absent from the diet of an animal to used for fluorescent imaging?
A- chlorophyll
B- starch
C- animal fat
D- iodine
```
A- chlorophyll
39
```
What do high concentrations of neutrophils usually indicate?
A- past-parasitic infection
B- active bacterial infection
C- active viral infection
D- allergic infection
```
B- active bacterial infection
40
```
What is another term for a complete blood count (CBC)?
A- hemostat
B- hemogram
C- hemograph
D- hemoatocrit
```
B- hemogram
41
```
Bioluminescent imaging requires a light signal from which molecule?
A- Gadolinium
B- Luciferin
C- Fluorescein
D- Cadmium
```
B- Luciferin
42
```
The buffy coat in the hematocrit tube can be collected and used to determine which of the following?
A- Prescence of icterus in the animal
B- Triglyceride level in the blood
C- Morphology of the white blood cells
D- Platelet count
```
C- Morphology of the white blood cells
43
```
Body cells secrete antibodies in reaction to which of the following?
A- The presence of waste products
B- The presence of an antigen
C- Changes in electrolyte concentrations
D- Changes in blood composition
```
B- The presence of an antigen
44
```
Radioactive isotopes can be attached to which molecule in positron emission tomography?
A- Glycogen
B- Glutaraldehyde
C- Glycine
D- Glucose
```
D- Glucose
45
If there is a delay before the animal is necropsied, what is the best approach to preserve the body?
A- Keep the body at room temperature but protect it from insects and other animals
B- The animal should always be necropsied within 8 hours of its death
C- Place the body in the freezer to prevent decomposition
D- Refrigerate the animal’s body to prevent rapid decomposition
D- Refrigerate the animal’s body to prevent rapid decomposition
46
```
Which of the following is NOT a common component of a small imaging cradle?
A- Heat pad
B- Pulse sensor
C- Oxygen meter
D- Microbial barrier
```
D- Microbial barrier
47
```
To preserve tissues for further examination, what is the usual ratio of tissue to fixative used by weight?
A- 1 to 5
B- 1 to 50
C- 1 to 20
D- 1 to 1
```
C- 1 to 20
48
```
Under which condition will viruses grow?
A- Agar plate
B- Glass culture plates
C- Artificial nutrient media
D- Cell culture
```
D- Cell culture
49
What is indicated by the red top tubes usually used for serum chemistry testing?
A- Testing for enzymes
B- Testing of metabolites and waste products
C- Use of plasma for the tests
D- Use of serum for the tests
D- Use of serum for the tests
50
```
Serology is testing of serum for the presence or absence of:
A- Viruses
B- Metabolites
C- Enzymes
D- Antibodies
```
D- Antibodies
51
What does the specific gravity of urine measure?
A- Kidney’s ability to concentrate the urine
B- Kidney’s ability to eliminate toxins from the body
C- Amount of glucose in the urine
D- Amount o blood in the urine
A- Kidney’s ability to concentrate the urine
52
```
In which technique is the x-ray beam rotated 360 degrees around the patient to allow precise location of lesions?
A- Positron emission tomography
B- Magnetic resonance imaging
C- Fluoroscopy
D- Computed tomography
```
D- Computed tomography
53
```
Which method is most commonly used for the detection of pinworm species?
A- Cellophane tape test
B- Serological testing
C- Fecal direct smear
D- Fecal sedimentation
```
A- Cellophane tape test
54
```
To examine fur, what substance is used to prepare the glass slide?
A- Distilled water
B- Isopropyl alcohol
C- Saline
D- Mineral oil
```
D- Mineral oil
55
```
What do depressed levels of neutrophils usually indicate?
A- Past parasitic infection
B- Active bacterial infection
C- Leukemia
D- Active viral infection
```
D- Active viral infection
56
```
Which instrument is used to measure the specific gravity of urine?
A- Microscope
B- Refractometer
C- Spectrometer
D- Centrifuge
```
B- Refractometer
57
```
In most species, which type of white blood cells are the most numerous?
A- Eosinophils
B- Neutrophils/heterophils
C- Lymphocytes
D-Monocytes
```
B- Neutrophils/heterophils
58
```
A white blood cell differential is also know as a:
A- Leukogram
B- Serum chemistry
C- Peripheral blood smear
D- Hemogram
```
A- Leukogram
59
```
Platelets are a source of which of the following?
A- Triglycerides
B- Clotting factors
C- Hemoglobin
D- Antibodies
```
B- Clotting factors
60
```
A low hemoglobin concentration indicates:
A- An active viral infection
B- An active bacterial infection
C- Anemia
D- An allergic reaction
```
C- Anemia
61
```
The presence of parasites and allergic reactions are two conditions that often cause an elevation in which white blood cell type?
A- Neutrophils
B- Lymphocytes
C- Eosinophils
D- Basophils
```
C- Eosinophils
62
```
Paper strips used to evaluate urine samples are know as:
A- Color charts
B- Urine strips
C- pH strips
D- dipsticks
```
D- dipsticks
63
Hemoglobin is the:
A- Total number of red blood cells in a volume of blood
B- Percentage of blood volume occupied by blood cells
C- Liquid (noncellular) portion of unclothed blood
D- Oxygen-carrying component of red blood cells
D- Oxygen-carrying component of red blood cells
64
What is a major advantage of fluoroscopy over standard radiography?
A- It uses less radiation
B- It takes moving pictures
C- It allows clearer images of dense tissues and organs
D- Two organs can be visualized at once
B- It takes moving pictures
65
Which of the following is an example of histopathology?
A- Any lesion or growth is described in detail to help in diagnosis
B- Each organ is weighed and examined for an visible abnormalities
C- Serological tests are conducted to obtain a history of infections affecting the animal
D- Thin slices of tissue are fixed, stained, and examined under the microscope
D- Thin slices of tissue are fixed, stained, and examined under the microscope
66
```
Which of the following best describes blood serum?
A- Whole blood
B- The liquid portion of unclotted blood
C- The liquid portion of clotted blood
D- Unclotted blood
```
C- The liquid portion of clotted blood
67
```
A hematocrit is used to determine which of the following?
A- Red blood cell count
B- Packed cell volume
C- Level of oxygen in the blood
D- Morphology of the red blood cells
```
B- Packed cell volume
68
```
Which test provides information on blood cell morphology?
A- Hematocrit
B- Peripheral blood smear
C- Erthrocyte count
D- Packed cell volume
```
B- Peripheral blood smear
