Unit One Flashcards
Empiricism
View that knowledge comes from Experience so science should rely on observation and experimentation
Structuralism
A school is psych no longer exists that uses introspection to explore structural elements of human mind/consciousness
Functionalism
A school of psych no longer exists, that studies the function of our consciousness and how it helps us adapt and survive in our society
Experimental psychology
Study of behavior and thinking using experiments
Behaviorism
View of An objective science that studies behavior without referencing mental processes, solely observable behaviors
Humanistic psych
Historic perspective emphasizing the growth potential of people and their potential for personal growth
Cognitive neuroscience
Interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognitive ( perception, thinking, memory and language)
Psychology
The science of behavior and mental processes
Nature nurture
What genes and experiences add to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Through experience or born with them
Natural selection
Surviving traits will be passed on to generations
Biopsychosocial approach
An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological and social cultural levels of analysis
Biopsychosocial biological influence
Natural secretion of adaptive Traits
Genetic predispositions responding to environment
Brain mechanisms
Hormonal influences
Biopsychosocial psychological influence
Learned fears and expectations
Emotional responses
Cognitive processing and interpretations
Biopsychosocial social-cultural influences
Prescience of others
Cultural,societal, and family expectations
Peer and other group influences
Compelling models like media
Levels of analysis
The different views from bio to psycho to social for analyzing any given phenomena
Biological psychology
Branch that studies the links between biological and psychological processes
Evolutionary psychology
Study of roots of behavior and mental processes using natural secretion principals
Psychodynamic psychology
Studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses info to treat people with psycho disorders
Behavioral psych
Scientific study of observable behavior and it’s explanation through learning
Cognitive psych
Study of all mental activities associated with thinking knowing remembering and communicating
Social cultural psych
Study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking
Bio approach
How body and brain enable emotion memories and armory experiences
How genes work with environment to influence individual differences
Evolution approach
How the natural selection of traits promoted the survival of genes
Psychodynamic
How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts
Behavioral approach
How we learn observable responses
Cognitive approach
How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information
Humanistic approach
How we meet our needs for live and acceptance and achieve self fulfillment
Social cultural approach
How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures
Psychometrics
Study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes and traits
Basic research
Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base
Developmental psych
Study of physical cognitive and social change throughout the life span
Educational psych
How psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching an learning
Personality psych
Study of an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
Social psychology
Study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
Applied research
Study that aims to solve practical problems
Industrial organizational
(I/o) psych
Applying psychological concepts/methods to optimize human behavior in workplaces
Human factors psych
Study of how people and machines interact,
And the design of safe and easily used machines and environment
Counseling psych
Branch of psych that assists people with problems in loving and in achieving greater well being
Clinical psychology
Branch that studies assesses and treats people with psychological disorders
Psychiatry
Branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders, medical treatments and psychological therapy
SQ3R
Survey, question, read, rehearse, review
What did buddha do
Pondered how sensations and perceptions combine to form ideas
What did Confucius do
Stressed the power of ideas and of an educated mind
What did Hebrew scholars do?
Anticipated today’s psych by linking mind with body, people were said to think with their heart and feel with their bowels
What did Socrates and Plato think
Concluded that the mind is separable from the body, and that knowledge is innate. Derived principals by logic
What did Aristotle think
Derived principals from careful observation. Knowledge is not pre existing but grows from experiences and memories
What did rené Descartes think
Agreed with innate ideas and mine being deportable from body.
What did Descartes study and conclude
Dissected animals and concluded fluid in brain is anaimal spirits. Spirit flows through nerves prolong movement.
What was Descartes right about
That nerve paths are important and that they enable reflexes, he proposes the hydraulics of simple reflex
What did Francis bacon do
One founder of modern science, concluded superstition is deluded beliefs neglecting the ideas of failure.
What did John Locke do
Said the mind at birth is a blank state, on which experience writes
Who helped form modern empiricism
John Locke and Francis bacon
Who created the first psychological experiment and first psychological laboratory
Wilhelm wundt, ball sound experiment
Who introduced structuralism
Edward Bradford titchener, he aimed to discover the structures of them mind.
What was titcheners experiment for structuralism
Having people address their sensations, images and pictures for a rose
Who came up with the phrase “ only one thing in the universe we know more about than external observation, inside information”
Titcheners and C.S.Lewis
What was wrong with introspection
It was unreliable, results varied from person to person
What did William James think and introduce
That consciousness serves a function and introduced functionalism, exploring emotions, memories, mom moment to moment streams of consciousness
Who was denied her Harvard degree, and was the first female president of APA but not recognized for it?
Mary calkins
Who write the principals of psychology
William James
What did sigmound Freud do
Developed theory of personality, emphasized ways emotional responses to childhood experiences and our unconscious thought processes affect our behavior
How was earlier psychology defined
Science of mental life
Later defined as study of observable behavior by
John b Watson and J F skinner
What did Carl Rodgers and Abraham Maslow don
Thought behaviorism too mechanistic, introducing humanistic psych
Tips for studying psychology
SQ3R
Overlearn
Distribute time
