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AP Psychology > Unit 9 Other > Flashcards

Unit 9 Other Flashcards

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1
Q

Developmental psychology

A

A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive and social change through the life span

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2
Q

Nature and nurture

A

How do genetic inheritance (nature) and experience (nurture) influence our developement

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3
Q

Continuity and stages

A

Is development a gradual continuous process like riding an escalator or does it proceed through a sequence of separate stages like climbing rungs on a ladder

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4
Q

Stability and change

A

Do our early personality traits persist through life or do we become different people as we age

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5
Q

Conception

A

Ovary releases egg, sperm approaches and releases digestive enzymes to penetrate, then both fuse together

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6
Q

Cells began to differentiate-

A

Specialize in structure and function

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7
Q

Prenatal development of
Zygote
Embryo
Fetus

A

Zygote- conception to 2 weeks
Embryo- 2-8 weeks
Fetus- 9 weeks to birth

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8
Q

Placenta

A

Formed as the zygotes outer cells starched to the uterine wall transfers nutrients and oxygen from mother to fetus

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9
Q

Neural network development from birth

A

The brain is immature at birth, as child natures the neural networks grow increasingly more complex

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10
Q

T or f motor development sequence is universal

A

True
Kids roll over before sit up
Sit up before crawl
Crawl before walk

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11
Q

Back to sleep position

A

Putting babies to sleep on their backs to reduce he risk of a smothering crib death

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12
Q

Infantile amnesia

A

Our earliest memories never really predate our third birthday

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13
Q

Were infants able to learn, ex

A

Yes, tied to mobile crib thing and would kick to spin it

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14
Q

T or f a child’s mind is a miniature model of an adults

A

False, children reason differently

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15
Q

Piagets core idea

A

The driving force behind our intellectual progression is an unceasing struggle to make sense of or experiences

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16
Q

Piaget proposed two concepts to explain how we use and adjust our schemas

A

Assimilate and accommodate

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17
Q

What did piaget propose for cognitive development

A 
Four stages of cognitive development 
Sensorimotor stage
Pre operational stage
Concrete operational
Formal operational
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18
Q

Sensorimotor stage Developmental phenomenon

A

Object permanence and stranger anxiety

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19
Q

Pre operational stage

Developmental phenomenon

A

Pretend play

Egocentrism

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20
Q

Concrete operational developmental phenomenon

A

Conservation

Mathematical transformations

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21
Q

Formal operational developmental phenomenon

A

Abstract logic

Potential for mature moral reasoning

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22
Q

Zone of proximal developement

A

The zone between what they could learn with or without help

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23
Q

Origins of attachment

A

Body contact and familiarity

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24
Q

Children don’t imprint, they

A

Become attached during a less precisely defined as sensitive period

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25
Q

Mary ainsworth

A

Studied attatchment differences

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26
Q

Sensitive responsive mothers had–

Insensitive unresponsive mothers had—

A

Had secure attachment

Had insecurely attached children

27
Q

What happens with disruption of attachment

A

Upset, withdrawn, even dis pairing, can be long damaging

28
Q

Does day care affect attachment

A

No but quality does

29
Q

Authoritarian parenting

A

Impose rules and expect obedience

30
Q

Permissive parenting

A

Submit to their children’s desires, make few demands and use little punishment

31
Q

Authoritative parenting

A

Parents are both demanding and responsive. They exert control by setting rules and enforcing them but they also explain the reasons and encourage open discussion and allow exception

32
Q

Family self

A

A feeling that what shames the child shames the family and what brings honor to the family brings honor to the self

33
Q

Diversity in child rearing cautions what

A

Cautions people against presuming that our cultures say is the only way to raise children

34
Q

Male and female regular differences

A

Avg woman enters puberty two years sooner, lives five years longer, carries 70 percent more day and is five inches shorter

35
Q

Gender and aggression

A

Men more physical aggressive
Women more relational aggressive
Overall men more aggressive

36
Q

Gender and social power

A

Men-dominant,forceful,independent, utter opinions

Women-nurturant, welcoming, express support

37
Q

Gender social connectedness

A

Boys-large groups, little intimacy, communicate to resolve issues
Girls-smaller groups, less competitive; intimate, communicate to build relationship

38
Q

Development shaped by parents

A

Influence manners, politics and religion. Can also chose child’s neighborhood and school to exert influence on peer group

39
Q

Development shaped by peers

A

Personality, language and fitting in are shaped by peers

40
Q

As teens mature frontal lobe developed and the growth of myelin helps with what

A

The fatty tissue that forms around axons and speeds neurotransmission enables better communication with other brain regions

41
Q

What explains teens impulsive risky behaviors

A

Puberty hormonal surge and limbic system development

42
Q

Larwrence kohlberg

A

South to describe development of moral reasoning
Preconventional mortality
Conventional mortality
Postconventional mortality

43
Q

Preconventional mortality

A

<9 most, self interest. Obey rules to avoid punishment or gain rewards

44
Q

Conventional mortality

A

By early adolescence, focused on caring for others and upholding laws and social rules simply because they are the laws and rules

45
Q

Postconvetional mortality

A

With abstract reasoning, Actions are judged right because they flow from people’s rights or from self denied basic ethical principles

46
Q

Moral feeling

A

The gut feelings that drive our moral judgements

47
Q

Delay gratification

A

Self discipline needed to restrain ones own impulse to delay small gratifications now to enable bigger rewards later

48
Q

Autonomy

A

Independence

49
Q

Competence

A

Feeling able and productive

50
Q

Who made the stages of psychosocial development and tasks

A

Erik Erickson

51
Q

Infancy (to 1) issue and task

A

Trust vs. mistrust

Needs met develop sense of basic trust

52
Q

Toddlerhood (1 to 3) issue and task

A

Autonomy vs. shame/doubt

Do things for themselves or doubt abilities

53
Q

Preschool (3-6) issue and task

A

Initiative vs. guilt

Initiate tasks and carry out plans or feel guilty about trying to be independent

54
Q

Elementary school (6-puberty) issue and task

A

Industry vs. inferiority

Learn pleasure of applying themselves to tasks or feel inferior

55
Q

Adolescence (teen-20’s)

Issue and task

A

Identity vs. Role confusion

Sense of self by testing roles or become confused who they are

56
Q

Young adulthood (20’s-40’s) issue and task

A

Intimacy vs. isolation

To form close relationships or feel socially isolated

57
Q

Middle adulthood (40’s-60’s) issue and task

A

Generative the vs. stagnation

Sense of contributing to the world through family and work or feel lack of purpose

58
Q

Late adulthood (60’s up) issue and task

A

Integrity vs. despair

Reflecting on life may feel satisfaction or failure

59
Q

Why did independence and adulthood begin later

A

Taking more time to finish school, go to college, then leave the nest and get careers and marry

60
Q

What physical changes occur later

A

Muscular strength, reaction time, sensory abilities and cardiac output decline from late twenties to late adulthood. Menopause for women but nothing for men

61
Q

Telomeres

A

Chromosomes tips

Protective tips shortens with age

62
Q

T or f men are more prone to dying

A

True

63
Q

How does human spirit effect life expectancy

A

Anger and depression increase our risk or I’ll health and premature death

64
Q

Growing old Heath good and bad

A

The immune system weakens but have fewer short term ailments like common flu or cold

AP Psychology (29 decks)

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