Unit 9 Key Terms Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Zygote

A

The fertilized egg, it enters a two week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Embryo

A

The developing human organism from about two weeks after fertilization through the second month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fetus

A

The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Teratogens

A

Agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

A

Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking. In severe cases symptoms include noticeable facial misproportions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Habituation

A

Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest waned and they look away sooner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Maturation

A

Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior relatively i influences by experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cognition

A

All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Schema

A

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Assimilation

A

Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Accommodation

A

Adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sensorimotor stage

A

In piagets theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly interns of their sensory impressions and motor activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Object permanence

A

The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Preoperational stage

A

In piagets theory the stage (from 2 to about 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language and images, using intuitive rather than logical reasoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Conservation

A

The principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite change in the forms of objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Egocentrism

A

In Piaget theory, the pre operational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of view

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Theory of mind

A

People’s ideas about their own and others mental states about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts and the behaviors these might predict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Concrete operational stage

A

In piagets theory, the stage of cognitive I’ve development (from about 6 or 7 or 11 years of age) enable them to think logically about concrete events , Gracie a analogies and perform arithmetical operations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Formal operational stage

A

In piagets theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Autism

A

A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction and understanding of others states of mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Stranger anxiety

A

The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age

22
Q

Attachment

A

An emotional tie with another person, shown in young children by seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on seperation

23
Q

Critical point

A

An optimal period shortly after birth when an organisms exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development

24
Q

Imprinting

A

The process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life

25
Q

Temperament

A

A persons characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity

26
Q

Basic trust

A

According to Erik Erickson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy, said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers

27
Q

Self concept

A

Our understanding and evaluation of who we are

28
Q

Gender

A

In psychology, the biologically and socially influences characteristics by which people define male and female

29
Q

Aggression

A

Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone

30
Q

X CHROMOSOME

A

The sex chromosome found in both men and women. Females have XX and males have XY. An X chromosome from each parent produces a female child

31
Q

Y CHROMOSOME

A

The sex CHROMOSOME found only in males. When paired with an X from mother it produces a male child

32
Q

testosterone

A

The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty

33
Q

Role

A

A set of expectations (norms) about social position defining how those in the position ought to behave

34
Q

Gender role

A

A set of expected behaviors for males or females

35
Q

Gender identity

A

Our sense of being male or female

36
Q

Gender typing

A

The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role

37
Q

Social learning theory

A

The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded by punishment

38
Q

Adolescence

A

The transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence

39
Q

Puberty

A

The period of sexual maturation, during during which a person becomes capable of reproducing

40
Q

Primary sex characteristic

A

The body structures (ovaries tested and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible

41
Q

Secondary sex characteristic

A

Nonproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair

42
Q

Menarche

A

The first menstrual period

43
Q

Identity

A

Our sense of self, according to Erikson, the adolescents task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles

44
Q

Social identity

A

The “we” aspect of our self concept, re part of our answer to “who am I” that comes from our group membership

45
Q

Intimacy

A

In eriksons theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships, a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood

46
Q

Emerging adulthood

A

For some people in modern cultures, a period from the late teens to mid twenties, bridging the gap between adolescence dependence and full independence and responsible adulthood

47
Q

Menopause

A

The time of natural cessation of menstruation, also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines

48
Q

Cross sectional study

A

A study in which people of different ages are compared with one another

49
Q

Longitudinal study

A

Research in which the same people are restudied And retested over a long period

50
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A

Our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills, tends to increase with age

51
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

Our ability to reason speedily and abstractly, tends to degrade during late adulthood

52
Q

Social clock

A

The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement