Unit 9 Key Terms Flashcards
Zygote
The fertilized egg, it enters a two week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo
Embryo
The developing human organism from about two weeks after fertilization through the second month
Fetus
The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth
Teratogens
Agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking. In severe cases symptoms include noticeable facial misproportions
Habituation
Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest waned and they look away sooner
Maturation
Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior relatively i influences by experience
Cognition
All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
Schema
A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information
Assimilation
Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
Accommodation
Adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information
Sensorimotor stage
In piagets theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly interns of their sensory impressions and motor activities
Object permanence
The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived
Preoperational stage
In piagets theory the stage (from 2 to about 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language and images, using intuitive rather than logical reasoning
Conservation
The principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite change in the forms of objects
Egocentrism
In Piaget theory, the pre operational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of view
Theory of mind
People’s ideas about their own and others mental states about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts and the behaviors these might predict
Concrete operational stage
In piagets theory, the stage of cognitive I’ve development (from about 6 or 7 or 11 years of age) enable them to think logically about concrete events , Gracie a analogies and perform arithmetical operations
Formal operational stage
In piagets theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts
Autism
A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction and understanding of others states of mind