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AP Psychology > 3c > Flashcards

3c Flashcards

1
Q

Behavior genetics

A

The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior

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2
Q

Environment

A

Every nongenetic influence from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us

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3
Q

Chromosomes

A

Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes

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4
Q

DNA deoxyribonucleic acid

A

Complex coiled chain, double helix, molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes

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5
Q

Genes

A

The biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes, segments of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein

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6
Q

Genome

A

The complete instructions for making an organism, insisting of all the genetic material in that organisms chromosome

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7
Q

Identical twins

A

Twins who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms

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8
Q

Fraternal twins

A

Twins who developed from separate fertilized eggs. They are genetically no closer than brothers and sisters, but they share a fetal environment

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9
Q

Heritability

A

The proportion of variation amount individuals that we can attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied

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10
Q

Interaction

A

The interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor (like environment) depends on another factor (like heredity)

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11
Q

Molecular genetics

A

The subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes, specific genes influencing behavior

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12
Q

Evolutionary psychology

A

The study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection

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13
Q

Natural selection

A

The principle that amount the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

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14
Q

Mutation

A

A random error in gene replication that leads to a change

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15
Q

As members of the same species what do we do the same

A

We affiliate, conform, return favors, punish offenses, organize hierarchies of status, and grieve a child’s death

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16
Q

What defines our human nature

A

Our universal behaviors

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17
Q

What is nature and nurture in nature vs nurture

A

Nature-genes

Nurture- environment

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18
Q

How many chromosomes does one person have

A

46,
23 from moms egg
23 from dads sperm

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19
Q

True or false, genes can be active or inactive

A

True, they can be active (expressed) or inactive.

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20
Q

What “turn on” genes from inactive to active

A

Environmental events

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21
Q

What happens when genes are turned on

A

They provide the code for creating protein molecules

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22
Q

What are protein molecules

A

Building blocks of physical development

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23
Q

What makes us human rather than chimpanzees or tulips

A

Shares genetic profile that makes us humans

24
Q

True or false, small percentages like one percent differences in genomes matter

A

True, chimpanzees share 99.4% of our DNA genome, remarkably different behaviors

25
Q

What gives clues to our human uniqueness

A

Person to person variations from the common pattern of DNA

26
Q

Are traits influences by one or multiple genes?

A

Multiple/ groups of genes

27
Q

Do identical twins have the same number of copies of genes?

A

No, which explains why one twin may be more at risk for certain illnesses

28
Q

Are identical twins more behavioral similar than fraternal twins

A

On extraversion (outgoing ends) and neuroticism (emotional stability) they are

29
Q

Genes being separated but still the same supports what

A

The idea that genes influence personality

30
Q

The plural of anecdote is

A

Not data

31
Q

Virtual twins

A

Same age, biologically unrelated siblings

32
Q

Genetic relatives

A

Biological siblings and parents

33
Q

Environmental relatives

A

Adoptive parents and siblings

34
Q

What children are best for testing whether it’s environment or genetic

A

Adopted kids

35
Q

What are stunning findings from adopted kids

A

Who grew up together whether biologically related or not do not much resemble one another in personality

36
Q

Wen are adoptive kids more similar to biological parents

A

In traits such as extroverted and agreeableness, adoptees are more like biological

37
Q

Family environment may not influence personality but parents do influence what

A

Children attitudes, values, manners, faith and politic

38
Q

Heritability of a trait

A

The extent to which variation among individuals can be attributed to their differing genes

39
Q

If heritability is 50% it means that genetic influence

A

Explains that 50% of the observed variation among people

40
Q

True or false We can never say that percent of an individual’s personality or intelligence is inherited

A

True

41
Q

True or false Heritability referred to which differences among people are attributable to genes

A

True

42
Q

When differences due to environment decreases, heritability…

A

Increases

43
Q

If environments were drastically different, heritability would be

A

Much lower

44
Q

Our species most important similarities

A

Adaptive capacity

45
Q

Genes and environment work together like

A

Two hands clapping,

46
Q

Genes are what

A

Self regulating

47
Q

Molecular genetics seek to identify

A

Specific genes influencing behavior

48
Q

What do the genes selected in human history do

A

Endow us with a great capacity to learn and therefore adapt of life in varied environments

49
Q

Fitness

A

Our ability to survive and reproduce

50
Q

How are we in some ways prepared biologically for a world that no longer exists

A

Predisposed with ancestor genes, they ate sweets to survive famines, now a days we eat sweets and there’s obesity

51
Q

Woman vs men with sex

A

Woman is more relational men more recreational

52
Q

Woman and men pairing

A

Woman pair wisely

Men pair widely

53
Q

Men are attracted to

A

Younger, narrower waisted women, peak fertility,

54
Q

Woman prefer

A

Stick around dads, mature, dominant, bold, affluent, potential long term mating and investment in their joint offspring, support and protect

55
Q

What are key criticisms of evolutionary psychology

A

Starts with an effect and works backward to propose an explanation,
Worry about the social consequences of evolutionary psychology, evolutionary viewpoint absolves people from taking responsibility for sexual behavior

56
Q

How do you eliminate heritability to test environment

A

Take identical twins and put them in separate environments

AP Psychology (29 decks)

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