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AP Psychology > Unit 3b > Flashcards

Unit 3b Flashcards

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1
Q

Lesion

A

Tissue destruction, naturally or experimentally

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2
Q

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

Amplified recording of the electrical wave activity across the brain, measured by electrodes placed on the scalp.

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3
Q

CT (computed tomography) scan

A

Using x Ray photographs to reveal brain damage

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4
Q

PET (positron emission tomography) scan

A

Visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task. Active neurons use up the glucose

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5
Q

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

A

Use magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer generated images of soft tissue, show brain anatomy. Can be used for other body parts

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6
Q

fMRI (functional MRI)

A

Technique revealing blood flow and therefore brain activity by comparing successive brain scans, show brain function

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7
Q

Brain stem

A

Oldest and central core of brain

Responsible for automatic survival functions

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8
Q

What are the parts of the brain stem

A

Medulla and pons

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9
Q

Medulla

A

Slight swelling, base of brain stem

Controls heartbeat and breathing

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10
Q

Pons

A

Help coordinate movement

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11
Q

Reticular formation

A

Finger shaped nerve network that plays an important part in controlling arousal, also filters incoming stimuli

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12
Q

Thalamus

A

Brain sensory switch board, receives info from all senses except smell and routes it to higher brain regions (cortex), receives their replies and directs them to medulla and cerebellum

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13
Q

Cerebellum

A

Little brain, processes sensors input, coordinate voluntary movement and balance and supports memories of such

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14
Q

What helps us judge time, modulate emotion, and discriminate sounds from textures

A

Cerebellum

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15
Q

Limbic system

A

Donut shaped, associated with emotions and drive

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16
Q

Parts of limbic system

A

Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, amygdala, hippocampus

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17
Q

Amygdala

A

Bean neural clusters

Influence aggression and fear

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18
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Bodily maintenance; hunger thirst body temp sexual behavior
Helps govern endocrine system
Linked to emotion and reward

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19
Q

Hippocampus

A

Processes memory, it lost can’t create new memories of facts or episodes

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20
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Axon fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres and carrying messages between

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21
Q

Spinal cord

A

Pathway for neural fibers traveling to and from brain, controls simple reflexes

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22
Q

Cerebral cortex description

A

Intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering cerebral hemisphere

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23
Q

Cerebral cortex function

A

Body’s ultimate control and information processing center

24
Q

Glial cells

A

Cells in nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons, glue cells

25
Q

Frontal lobes

A

Involved in speaking, muscle movements, and making plans and judgements

26
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Received sensory input for touch and body position

27
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Include areas that receive information from the visual fields

28
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Include auditory areas, each receiving info from opposite ear o

29
Q

Motor cortex

A

Area of rear frontal lobes that controls voluntary movement

30
Q

Association areas

A

Areas of cerebral involved in higher mental functions like learning, remembering, thinking, and speech

31
Q

Aphasia

A

Impairment of language usually caused by damage to brocas or wernickes area

32
Q

Broca’s area

A

Controls language expression with muscle movements involved in speech

33
Q

Wernickes area

A

Controls language reception, comprehension, interpret auditory code

34
Q

Angular gyrus

A

Transforms visual representation into auditory code

35
Q

Visual cortex

A

Receives written words as visual stimulation

36
Q

Plasticity

A

Brains ability to change after damage (most in childhood) by reorganizing or building new pathways based on experiences

37
Q

Neurogenesis

A

Formation of new neurons

38
Q

Split brain

A

Condition isolating the two brain hemis by cutting corpus callosum

39
Q

Consciousness

A

Our awareness of ourselves and environment

40
Q

Cognitive neuroscience

A

Study of brain activity linked with cognition

41
Q

Duel processing

A

Principle that information is often simultaneously processed in separate conscious and unconscious tracks

42
Q

Intelligence of animals can be determined by…. Except for a few exceptions

A

Brain to body weight exceptions

43
Q

Who discovered that messing with the reticular formation of a cat makes it extremely awake or non wake able

A

Giuseppe Moruzzi and Horace magoun

44
Q

What are the egg like structures

A

Thalamus

45
Q

Older brain functions occur with or without conscious effort?

A

Without, suggesting our brain processes most information outside of our awareness

46
Q

Who did the electrode experiment and discovered the reward centers

A

James old and Peter Milner

47
Q

Reward deficiency syndrome

A

Genetically disposed deficiency in the natural brain systems for pleasure and well being that leads people to crave whatever provides that missing pleasure or relieves negative feelings ex drugs

48
Q

What happened to phineas gage

A

Pole went through head and frontal lobes, lived but personality changes, moral compass damaged

49
Q

Brain processes order involved in language

A 
Visual cortex
Angular gyrus
Wernickes 
Brocas
Motor cortex
50
Q

Constraint induced therapy

A

Require brain by restraining a function limb to force use of other limb

51
Q

Lateralization

A

Brains sides serving different functions, hemispheric specialization

52
Q

Right brain functions

A

perceives objects, more quick in making inferences, copying drawings and recognizing faces, previewing emotion, perpetual task, many word association, sense of self

53
Q

Right brains damage

A

Greatly disrupts emotion processing, facial recognition and social conduct

54
Q

Left brain function

A

Speech, tried to explain things, calculates literal interpretations of language, one word association

55
Q

Visual perception track

A

Create the mental furniture that allows us to think about the world, to recognize things and plan future actions

56
Q

Visual action track

A

Guides our moment to moment actions

57
Q

Which part is linked to emotion and reward

A

Hypothalamus

AP Psychology (29 decks)

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