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AP Psychology > Extra 10 > Flashcards

Extra 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

Erogenous zones

A

Distinct pleasure sensitive areas

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2
Q

What stage do boys developed desires for mom and girls desires for father

A

Phallic stage for boys

Electra complex for girls

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3
Q

Psychosexual stages

A

Oral(1 1/2)- pleasure centers in mouth
Anal(-3)-bowls and bladder elimination
Phallic(-6)- genital pleasure
Latency(-puberty)- dormant sexual feelings
Genital(after puberty) - maturation of sexual interests

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4
Q

Gender identity

A

Sense of being male or female

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5
Q

According to Freud human personality arises from

A

A conflict between our impulse and restraint

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6
Q

Now freudians

A

Freud followers who followed his main ideas of personality structure, unconscious; personality shape in childhood, defense mechanisms

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7
Q

How did neo freudians feet away from Freud

A

Placed more emphasis on the conscious mind role in interpreting experience and in coping with the environment
Second they doubted that sex and aggression were all consuming motivations

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8
Q

What are faults found with Freuds theory

A

It offers only after the fact explanations and repression rarely occurs
Doesn’t support freuds unconscious
But projection and reaction formation n are in false consensus

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9
Q

What did Freud draw psych attention to

A

Unconscious
Struggle cope with anxiety and sexuality
Conflict between biological impulses and social restraints

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10
Q

False consensus effect

A

The tendency to overestimate mate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors

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11
Q

Who offered a third force perspective

A

Abraham Maslow and carl rogers

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12
Q

What did Maslow propose

A

Motivated by hierarchy of needs
Seek self actualization
Self transcendence
He studied healthy creative people

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13
Q

What did carl rogers do

A

People basically good

Growth promoting climate required three conditions: genuine, acceptance, empathy

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14
Q

How did humanistic psychologists assess a persons sense of self

A

Questionnaires that evaluate self concept

Ideally and actually

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15
Q

Critics of humanistic perspective

A

Vague subjective
The individualism can lead to self indulgence, selfishness; and an erosion of moral restraints
Naive- doesn’t appreciate human capacity for evil

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16
Q

Gordon allport

A

Described personality in terms of fundamental traits

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17
Q

Myers Briggs type indicator

A

Sort people according to carl jungs personality types based on responses to 126 questions
Not research instrument

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18
Q

Factor analysis

A

A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of correlated test items that tap basic components of intelligence

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19
Q

Hans and Sybil Eysenck

A

Reduce individual variations into two or three dimensions
Extra version introversion
Emotional stability instability

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20
Q

Dopamine neural activity is higher in extroverts or introverts

A

Extroverts

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21
Q

Jerome Lagan attributed differences in children’s shyness and inhibition to their

A

Autonomic nervous system reactivity

Reactive autonomic greater anxiety and inhibition

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22
Q

T or f

Personality inventories are scored objectively

A

True ,unlike projective tests, but doesn’t guarantee validity

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23
Q

Big five

A 
CANOE or OCEAN
Conscientiousness (organized) 
Agreeableness
Neuroticism (calm secure) 
Openness (imaginative)
Extraversion (sociable)
24
Q

Big five research questions: how stable are these traits

A

Adulthood quite stable

25
Q

Big five research questions: how heritable are they

A

Generally 50 percent or a tad more

26
Q

Big five research questions: do the big five traits predict other personal attributes

A

Yes

Ex highly conscientious people earn better high school and university grades

27
Q

Barnum effect

A

The acceptance of stock positive descriptions

28
Q

JRR TOLKIEN created what kind of characters

A

Personality traits consistent across various times and places

29
Q

Luigi Pirandello character

A

Personality ever changing, tailored to a particular role or situation

30
Q

Person situation controversy

A

Consistent across various times and places or ever changing personality

31
Q

T or f

With age personality traits become more stable

A

True

32
Q

Side with Tolkien or Pirandello

A

Tolkien

33
Q

People do not act with predictable consistency but their average outgoingness etc over many situations is predictable t or f

A

True

34
Q

What does music preference say about personality traits

A

Classic jazz-open to experience verbally intelligent

Country pop- outgoing cheerful

35
Q

What does bedrooms and offices say about personality traits

A

Display identify and leave behind behavioral residue (laundry or neat desktop)

36
Q

Personality traits lurk in

A

Music preferences
Bedrooms and offices
Personal web sites
Email

37
Q

Consider three specific ways in which individuals and environments interacts

A

Different people chose different environments
Our personalities shape how we interpret and react to events
Our personalities help create situations to which we react

38
Q

Psychologists have two basic ways to study the effect of personal control

A

One-correlate people’s feelings of control with their behaviors and achievements
Two-experiment by raising or lowering people’s sense of control and noting the effects

39
Q

Self control

A

Ability to control impulses and delay gratification

40
Q

How is self control like a muscle

A

Temporarily weakens after exertion
Replenishes with rest
Stronger with exercise
(Roy baumeister)

41
Q

What does self control require

A

Attention and energy

42
Q

What does increasing control and personal empowerment do

A

Improves health and morale

People thrive

43
Q

Tyranny of choice

A

Brings information overload and a greater likelihood that we will feel regret over some of the unchosen options

44
Q

What does excessive optimism do

A

Blinds us to real risk

45
Q

Positive psychology pillars

A

Positive emotions
Positive character
Positive group, community, and culture

46
Q

To predict behavior what do social cognitive psychologists do

A

Observe behavior in realistic situations

Persons past behavior patterns in similar situations

47
Q

Social cognitive perspective critics

A

Fails to appreciate persons inner traits

48
Q

Possible selves

A

Your visions of the self you dream of becoming and self feared

49
Q

What does low self esteem do

A

People made to feel insecure become excessively critical

50
Q

Self serving bias two points

A

People accept more responsibility I for good deeds than for bad and for successes than for failures
Most people see themselves as better than average

51
Q

Self esteem threatened people with large egos may react

A

Violently

52
Q

Threatened egotism or low self esteem predisposes aggression

A

Egotism

53
Q

Why do so many people disparage themselves

A

Are strategic elicit reassuring strokes
Prepare us for possible failure
Frequently pertains to ones old self

54
Q

Defensive self esteem

A

Fragile
Focuses on sustaining self
Makes failures and criticisms feel threatening
Correlates to aggressive antisocial behavior

55
Q

Secure self esteem

A

Less fragile, feel accepted for who we are and not looks wealth and relieves pressures to succeed and enables us to focus beyond oneself

AP Psychology (29 decks)

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