Extra 10 Flashcards
Erogenous zones
Distinct pleasure sensitive areas
What stage do boys developed desires for mom and girls desires for father
Phallic stage for boys
Electra complex for girls
Psychosexual stages
Oral(1 1/2)- pleasure centers in mouth
Anal(-3)-bowls and bladder elimination
Phallic(-6)- genital pleasure
Latency(-puberty)- dormant sexual feelings
Genital(after puberty) - maturation of sexual interests
Gender identity
Sense of being male or female
According to Freud human personality arises from
A conflict between our impulse and restraint
Now freudians
Freud followers who followed his main ideas of personality structure, unconscious; personality shape in childhood, defense mechanisms
How did neo freudians feet away from Freud
Placed more emphasis on the conscious mind role in interpreting experience and in coping with the environment
Second they doubted that sex and aggression were all consuming motivations
What are faults found with Freuds theory
It offers only after the fact explanations and repression rarely occurs
Doesn’t support freuds unconscious
But projection and reaction formation n are in false consensus
What did Freud draw psych attention to
Unconscious
Struggle cope with anxiety and sexuality
Conflict between biological impulses and social restraints
False consensus effect
The tendency to overestimate mate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors
Who offered a third force perspective
Abraham Maslow and carl rogers
What did Maslow propose
Motivated by hierarchy of needs
Seek self actualization
Self transcendence
He studied healthy creative people
What did carl rogers do
People basically good
Growth promoting climate required three conditions: genuine, acceptance, empathy
How did humanistic psychologists assess a persons sense of self
Questionnaires that evaluate self concept
Ideally and actually
Critics of humanistic perspective
Vague subjective
The individualism can lead to self indulgence, selfishness; and an erosion of moral restraints
Naive- doesn’t appreciate human capacity for evil
Gordon allport
Described personality in terms of fundamental traits
Myers Briggs type indicator
Sort people according to carl jungs personality types based on responses to 126 questions
Not research instrument
Factor analysis
A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of correlated test items that tap basic components of intelligence
Hans and Sybil Eysenck
Reduce individual variations into two or three dimensions
Extra version introversion
Emotional stability instability
Dopamine neural activity is higher in extroverts or introverts
Extroverts
Jerome Lagan attributed differences in children’s shyness and inhibition to their
Autonomic nervous system reactivity
Reactive autonomic greater anxiety and inhibition
T or f
Personality inventories are scored objectively
True ,unlike projective tests, but doesn’t guarantee validity
Big five
CANOE or OCEAN Conscientiousness (organized) Agreeableness Neuroticism (calm secure) Openness (imaginative) Extraversion (sociable)
Big five research questions: how stable are these traits
Adulthood quite stable
Big five research questions: how heritable are they
Generally 50 percent or a tad more
Big five research questions: do the big five traits predict other personal attributes
Yes
Ex highly conscientious people earn better high school and university grades
Barnum effect
The acceptance of stock positive descriptions
JRR TOLKIEN created what kind of characters
Personality traits consistent across various times and places
Luigi Pirandello character
Personality ever changing, tailored to a particular role or situation
Person situation controversy
Consistent across various times and places or ever changing personality
T or f
With age personality traits become more stable
True
Side with Tolkien or Pirandello
Tolkien
People do not act with predictable consistency but their average outgoingness etc over many situations is predictable t or f
True
What does music preference say about personality traits
Classic jazz-open to experience verbally intelligent
Country pop- outgoing cheerful
What does bedrooms and offices say about personality traits
Display identify and leave behind behavioral residue (laundry or neat desktop)
Personality traits lurk in
Music preferences
Bedrooms and offices
Personal web sites
Email
Consider three specific ways in which individuals and environments interacts
Different people chose different environments
Our personalities shape how we interpret and react to events
Our personalities help create situations to which we react
Psychologists have two basic ways to study the effect of personal control
One-correlate people’s feelings of control with their behaviors and achievements
Two-experiment by raising or lowering people’s sense of control and noting the effects
Self control
Ability to control impulses and delay gratification
How is self control like a muscle
Temporarily weakens after exertion
Replenishes with rest
Stronger with exercise
(Roy baumeister)
What does self control require
Attention and energy
What does increasing control and personal empowerment do
Improves health and morale
People thrive
Tyranny of choice
Brings information overload and a greater likelihood that we will feel regret over some of the unchosen options
What does excessive optimism do
Blinds us to real risk
Positive psychology pillars
Positive emotions
Positive character
Positive group, community, and culture
To predict behavior what do social cognitive psychologists do
Observe behavior in realistic situations
Persons past behavior patterns in similar situations
Social cognitive perspective critics
Fails to appreciate persons inner traits
Possible selves
Your visions of the self you dream of becoming and self feared
What does low self esteem do
People made to feel insecure become excessively critical
Self serving bias two points
People accept more responsibility I for good deeds than for bad and for successes than for failures
Most people see themselves as better than average
Self esteem threatened people with large egos may react
Violently
Threatened egotism or low self esteem predisposes aggression
Egotism
Why do so many people disparage themselves
Are strategic elicit reassuring strokes
Prepare us for possible failure
Frequently pertains to ones old self
Defensive self esteem
Fragile
Focuses on sustaining self
Makes failures and criticisms feel threatening
Correlates to aggressive antisocial behavior
Secure self esteem
Less fragile, feel accepted for who we are and not looks wealth and relieves pressures to succeed and enables us to focus beyond oneself
