Unit 8a Key Terms Flashcards
Motivation
A need or desire that energized and directs behavior
Instinct
A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
DRIVE reduction theory
The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
Homeostasis
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry such as blood glucose around a particular level
Incentive
A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
Hierarchy of needs
Maslows pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher level safety needs and then psychological needs become active
Hierarchy of needs base to top
Physiological needs
Safety needs
Belongingness and love
Esteem needs (achievement respect)
Self actualization (live up to potential)
Self transcendence (find meaning beyond self)
Glucose
The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for the body tissues when level is low we feel hunger
Set point
The point at which an individual’s weight thermostat is supposedly set, when the body falls below this weight an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight
Basal metabolic rate
The body’s resting rate of energy expenditure
Insulin
Secreted by pancreas, controls blood glucose
If glucose drops, triggers hunger
Leptin
Secreted by fat cells, when abundant causes brain to increase metabolism and decrease hunger
Orexin
Hunger triggering hormone secreted by the hypothalamus
Ghrelin
Secreted by empty stomach sends I’m hungry signal to brain
Obestatin
Secreted by stomach sends I’m full signal
PYY
Digestive tract hormone, sends I’m not hungry signals to the brain
Anorexia nervosa
An eating disorder in which a person (adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15 percent or more) underweight yet still feels fat and continues to starve
Bulimia nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating usually high calorie foods followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting or excessive exercise
Easy to hide
Binge eating disorder
Significant binge eating episodes followed by distress, disgust, guilt but without the compensatory purging fasting or excessive exercise that marks bulimia
Sexual response cycle
The four stages of sexual responding described by masters and Johnson, excitement, plateau, orgasm and resolution
Refractory period
A resting peeps after orgasm during which a male cannot achieve another orgasm
Estrogens
Dec hormones like estradiol secreted by females, contributes to female sex characteristics
In mammals levels peak during ovulation promoting sexual receptivity
Testosterone
Most important male sec hormone, stimulates male sex organs
Sexual orientation
An enduring sexual attraction toward members of either ones own sex (homo) or other sex( Herero)
