Unit 8a Key Terms

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

A need or desire that energized and directs behavior

Question 2

Instinct

Answer 2

A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

Question 3

DRIVE reduction theory

Answer 3

The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

Question 4

Homeostasis

Answer 4

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry such as blood glucose around a particular level

Question 5

Incentive

Answer 5

A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

Question 6

Hierarchy of needs

Answer 6

Maslows pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher level safety needs and then psychological needs become active

Question 7

Hierarchy of needs base to top

Answer 7

Physiological needs
Safety needs
Belongingness and love
Esteem needs (achievement respect)
Self actualization (live up to potential)
Self transcendence (find meaning beyond self)

Question 8

Glucose

Answer 8

The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for the body tissues when level is low we feel hunger

Question 9

Set point

Answer 9

The point at which an individual’s weight thermostat is supposedly set, when the body falls below this weight an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight

Question 10

Basal metabolic rate

Answer 10

The body’s resting rate of energy expenditure

Question 11

Insulin

Answer 11

Secreted by pancreas, controls blood glucose

If glucose drops, triggers hunger

Question 12

Leptin

Answer 12

Secreted by fat cells, when abundant causes brain to increase metabolism and decrease hunger

Question 13

Orexin

Answer 13

Hunger triggering hormone secreted by the hypothalamus

Question 14

Ghrelin

Answer 14

Secreted by empty stomach sends I’m hungry signal to brain

Question 15

Obestatin

Answer 15

Secreted by stomach sends I’m full signal

Question 16

PYY

Answer 16

Digestive tract hormone, sends I’m not hungry signals to the brain

Question 17

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 17

An eating disorder in which a person (adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15 percent or more) underweight yet still feels fat and continues to starve

Question 18

Bulimia nervosa

Answer 18

An eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating usually high calorie foods followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting or excessive exercise
Easy to hide

Question 19

Binge eating disorder

Answer 19

Significant binge eating episodes followed by distress, disgust, guilt but without the compensatory purging fasting or excessive exercise that marks bulimia

Question 20

Sexual response cycle

Answer 20

The four stages of sexual responding described by masters and Johnson, excitement, plateau, orgasm and resolution

Question 21

Refractory period

Answer 21

A resting peeps after orgasm during which a male cannot achieve another orgasm

Question 22

Estrogens

Answer 22

Dec hormones like estradiol secreted by females, contributes to female sex characteristics
In mammals levels peak during ovulation promoting sexual receptivity

Question 23

Testosterone

Answer 23

Most important male sec hormone, stimulates male sex organs

Question 24

Sexual orientation

Answer 24

An enduring sexual attraction toward members of either ones own sex (homo) or other sex( Herero)