Unit 9: Immunotherapy Agents Flashcards
What is IVIG used to treat?
BMT
Kawasaki’s Disease
IG deficiencies
C. Diff
When IVIG is used with IG deficiencies, what gets checked, and how often?
given monthly –> recheck labs
monitor infections
note symptoms of infections
dose more often if necessary
What is RhoGam used for?
only used when mother is Rh- and baby is Rh+
used during miscarriages and shortly after pregnancy
What does it mean for a mother to be Rh-?
AB-, A-, B-, O-
Name 3 major types of anemia
macrocytic
microcycic
sickle cell
What type of anemia is iron deficiency?
macrocytic
hypochromic
What is the problem in iron deficiency anemia?
body needs iron to make up RBCs
w/o iron, RBCs are tiny and pale
What is seen on lab work that indicates iron deficiency anemia?
low serum iron
low serum ferritin
total iron binding capacity is high (RBCs able to bind iron, lacking free iron)
How is iron deficiency anemia treated?
iron
What is total iron binding capacity (TIBC)?
measure’s blood’s capacity to bind iron with transferrin
measures maximum amount of iron a blood sample can carry
What kind of anemia is B12 deficiency?
macrocytic
cell is large, full, and flatter
What is seen on lab work with Vitamin B12 deficiency?
high/normal serum iron
high/normal serum ferritin
low/normal TIBC
What is typical of patients with Vitamin B12 deficiency?
> age 65
malabsorption
How is Vitamin B12 given to patients?
injection, as pt is deficient due to malabsorption
Why do vegetarians have a high risk of iron deficiency?
body can only absorb 10% of iron from plant-based foods, vs 40% from animal foods
Side effects of oral iron dosing
N/V/D
constipation
black stools
can become toxic
How are toxic levels of iron treated?
chelation to remove excess
How is oral iron dosed?
ferrous sulfate 324mg PO TID (65mg elemental iron)
When is parenteral iron used?
special situations
How is parenteral iron dosed?
calculated using lean body weight
How is Vitamin B12 dosed?
100-1000mg every other day for 1 week
monthly for maintenance
dose depends on level of deficiency
What is important to watch with Vitamin B12 dosing?
Vitamin B12 via labs
What kind of anemia is folic acid deficiency?
macrocytic
Who is more likely to have folic acid deficiency?
pregnant patients
patients with hemolytic anemia
How is folic acid deficiency treated
folic acid 1mg daily
Name 4 types of hematopoietic growth factors used for anemia
erythropoietin
granulocyte colony stimulating factor
granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor
interleukin 11
What does erythropoietin do?
stimulates erythropoiesis (growth of RBCs)
What is erythropoietin used for?
anemia, cancer
Name 2 formulations of erythropoietin
epoetin alfa
darbepoetin alfa
What are filgrastim and pefilgrastim?
granulocyte colony stimulating factors
What is sargramostim?
granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor
What is Interleukin 11 used for?
thrombocytopenia after chemo as it stimulates the growth of lymphoid or myeloid cells
What are granulocyte-colony stimulating factors and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factors used for?
anemia cancer neutropenia myelodysplasia aplastic anemia
