Unit 7: OVERVIEW (Parkinson's, Dementia, Anesthetics) Flashcards
CAUSE of Parkinson’s Disease
depletion of dopamine-containing neurons in substantial migrants –> loss of normal inhibition
DRUG CLASSES used to treat Parkinson’s Disease
Dopamine Agonists
COMT Inhibitors
MAO-B Inhibitors
Anticholinergics
5 Dopamine Agonists used to treat PARKINSON’S DISEASE
bromocriptine pramipexole ropinirole rotigotine apomorphine
Why is LEVODOPA given in treatment of Parkinson’s?
Dopamine does not cross BBB
L-dopa DOES cross BBB
L-dopa is a precursor to dopamine
Why is CARBIDOPA given in treatment of Parkinson’s?
Reduces amount of L-dopa by 75% because it reduces metabolism of L-dopa –> increases amount of L-dopa that reaches the brain
Major drug used to treat Parkinson’s Disease
Carbidopa/Levodopa
2 COMT Inhibitors used to treat Parkinson’s Disease
entacapone
tolcapone
Why are the COMT Inhibitors used to treat Parkinson’s Disease?
they increase the HALF LIFE if LEVODOPA (COMT metabolizes Levodopa)
Name 3 enzymes that metabolize Levodopa
MAO-A
MAO-B
COMT
Name 2 MAO-B Inhibitors used to treat Parkinson’s Disease
selegiline
rasagiline
What needs to be avoided, and why, in Parkinson’s Disease?
for patients on MAO-B Inhibitors, avoid
TYRAMINE-CONTAINING FOODS
because MAO breaks down tyramine in the body
TOO MUCH TYRAMINE can cause a hypertensive emergency
Name 2 anticholinergics used to treat Parkinson’s Disease
benztropine
trihexyphenidyl
Why are anticholinergics used to treat Parkinson’s Disease?
they block muscarinic receptors and therefore decrease excitatory actions of cholinergic neurons
they treat tremors or drooling in early disease stages
Why is Amantadine used to treat Parkinson’s Disease?
treats dystonias
inhibits dopamine reuptake
may improve bradykinesia, rigidity, tremors
NEUROTRANSMITTER: acetylcholine
EXCITATORY or INHIBITORY?
mostly excitatory
