Unit 3: K52.Antiprotozoal Flashcards
Antimalarial treatments kill blood _________
schiztozides
All antimalarials kill what stage of the life cycle?
asexual erythrocytic stage
Tissue schizonticides kill what form of parasites?
liver forms
Blood schizonticides act on what form of parasites?
erythrocytic forms
3 Malaria Drug Classes
tissue schizonticides
blood schizonticides
gametocides
What drugs can prevent erythrocytic infections?
none
What is the premise behind chemoprophylactic antimalarials?
kill erythrocytic parasites before they increase in number sufficiently enough to cause clinical disease
5 drugs used to prevent malaria infection in travelers
chloroquine malarone mefloquine doxycycline primaquine
What is important to remember about antimalarial selection?
certain drugs work in certain areas; some areas of the world have different resistance than others
Where is doxycycline recommended as an antimalarial?
border areas of Thailand
What must be checked before dosing primaquine?
check for G6PD deficiency
drug of choice for chemoprophylaxis and treatment of malaira
chloroquine
common adverse effect of chloroquine
pruritis
From what is quinine derived?
bark of chinchona tree
What is cinchona used to treat?
fevers
What is quinine use to treat?
malaria treatment and prevention
babesiosis when combined with clindamycin
define chinchonism
tinnitus headache nausea dizziness flushing visual disturbances
Mefloquine can be used to treat ____
prevention and treatment of malaria
When should mefloquine NOT be used?
when the patient has a psychiatric issue as there is a BLACK BOX WARNING regarding potential neurologic ad psychiatric issues
For what is primaquine used?
liver forms of P vivax and P ovale malaria and chemoprophylaxis against all malarial species
only available agent against dormant hypnozite stages of P vivax and P ovale
PRIMAQUINE
When a person has acute malaria and needs PRIMAQUINE, what approach is used?
give CHLOROQUINE until
G6PD status is known
How is ATOVAQUONE better absorbed?
with fatty foods
Advantage of ATOVAQUONE
can be stopped 1 week after malarial exposure (as opposed to 4 with other drugs)
For what is ATOVAQUONE used?
treatment and prevention of malaria
Standard luminal amebacides
diloxanide furoate
iodoquinol
paromomycin
Standard treatment for amebic colitis and dysentery
Metronidazole
plus a luminal amebicide
Standard treatment for Extraintestinal Infections
Metronidazole
plus a luminal amebicide
Metronidazole is the treatment of choice for what 3 types of amebic infections?
Amebiasis
Giardiasis
Trichomoniasis
Pentamadine is used for? (3 illnesses)
Pneumocystsis
African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)
Leishmaniasis
PENTAMADINE is highly toxic in __% of patients receiving 4mg/kg/d, so what do we do?
Rapid IV admin can lead to: severe hypotension tachycardia dizziness dyspnea
- -> drug should be administered slowly (over 2 hours)
- -> patients should be recumbent and monitored closely during treatment
