Unit 7: CNS Drugs.Anesthetics Flashcards
Define anesthetic
drug that reduces/eliminates pain
depresses nerve function in CNS
indications for anesthetic use
unconsciousness amnesia analgesia skeletal muscle relaxation autonomic reflex inhibition
adverse effect of nitrous oxide and halothane
increased cerebral blood flow –> increased ICP
Name the stages of general anesthetics
stage I
stage II
stage III
stage IV
stage I means …
analgesia
goal: to not remember
stage II means …
excitement: delirium talking amnesia rapid respiration
stage III means …
surgical anesthesia:
respiratory slowing…cessation of respiration
ok to start cutting
stage IV means …
medullary depression:
vasomotor depression
complete cessation of respiration
indication for propofol
induction of anesthesia
effects of propofol on the CNS
hypnotic
decreased ICP
effects of propofol on the CV system
decreased preload and afterload
effects of propofol on the respiratory system
depression
effects of propofol on the GI tract
anti-emetic
name some IV anesthetics
ketamine
etomidate
who uses ketamine the most?
veterinarians use it to sedate horses
used primarily in children
people use it to get high (controlled substance)
adverse effects of ketamine or etomidate
N/V
myocardial depression
malignant hyperthermia
treatment for malignant hyperthermia
dantrolene
types of local anesthetics
topical
infiltration
nerve block
spinal or intraspinal: intrathecal, epidural
define epidural
injection into epidural space
define intrathecal
injection into subarachnoid space
mechanism of action for local anesthetics
renders specific portion of body insensitive to pain; uses membrane potential and blockage of gated sodium channels
how are local anesthetics metabolized
P450 enzymes
name some topical local anesthetics
lidocaine
bupivicane
-caine
Lidocaine is sometimes combined with epinephrine; when should we be cautious
do not use with --PVD --fingers --nose due to vasoconstriction
what is the most commonly used anesthetic?
lidocaine
adverse effects of all anesthetics
intrathecal or epidural: spinal headache due to increased ICP
name the 2 types of -caines; why do these 2 types matter?
amides
esthers
These involve the way the drug is made
what to be aware of with -caines?
allergic reaction is possible
